施氮水平对不同强筋小麦品种产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Levels on Yield and Quality of Different Strong Gluten Wheat Varieties

作　　者：李俊志 常旭虹[1] 王德梅[1] 王艳杰[1] 杨玉双[1] 赵广才[1] Li Junzhi;Chang Xuhong;Wang Demei;Wang Yanjie;Yang Yushuang;Zhao Guangcai(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Liaoning Institute of Dryland Agriculture and Forestry Research,Chaoyang 122000,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点试验室,北京100081 [2]辽宁省旱地农林研究所,辽宁朝阳122000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第3期148-153,共6页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300407);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-3)。

摘　　要：探究氮肥处理对强筋小麦品种产量及品质的影响,为强筋小麦优质高产栽培提供技术参考。开展大田试验,采用裂区试验设计,以藁优2018(A1)、师栾02-1(A2)和石优20(A3)3个具有代表性的强筋小麦品种为试验材料,设4个施氮水平,0(N0)、180(N1)、240(N2)和300kg/hm^(2)(N3),研究不同处理下小麦的产量及其构成要素、籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量。结果表明,在相同施氮量条件下,石优20籽粒产量和千粒重均高于其他2个品种,藁优2018容重和籽粒蛋白质含量均高于其他2个品种。不同处理组合中,随着氮肥施用量增加,强筋小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数、籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质、清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白含量均有增加的趋势,醇溶蛋白含量则呈现先增后减的趋势,但不利于千粒重和容重的增加;其中籽粒产量以N2处理最高,蛋白质含量以N3处理最高。石优20产量最高,藁优2018的籽粒蛋白质含量最高,师栾02-1的综合表现较好;所以在氮肥底追比例5:5、追施氮肥时期为拔节期条件下,种植石优20和藁优2018施纯氮240kg/hm^(2);种植师栾02-1施纯氮180kg/hm^(2)时,有利于提高其籽粒产量、蛋白质及其组分含量,可达到产量和品质协同提高的目标。Exploring the effects of nitrogen fertilizer treatment on the yield and quality of strong gluten wheat varieties,and provide technical reference for high quality and high yield cultivation of strong gluten wheat.Under the conditions of the field experiment,a split-plot experimental design was adopted,and three representative strong gluten wheat varieties,Gaoyou 2018(A1),Shiluan 02-1(A2)and Shiyou 20(A3),were used as the experimental materials.Four nitrogen application levels,0(N0),180(N1),240(N2)and 300kg/ha(N3),were set to study the yield and its components,grain protein and its component contents.The results showed that under the same nitrogen application rate,the grain yield and 1000-grain weight of Shiyou 20 were higher than those of the other two varieties,and the bulk weight and grain protein content of Gaoyou 2018 were higher than those of the other two varieties.In different treatment combinations,with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate,the number of spikes per unit area,the number of grains per spike,grain yield,the contents of grain protein,albumin,globulin and glutenin increased,the content of gliadin showed a trend of first increase and then decrease,but it was not conducive to the increase of 1000-grain weight and bulk weight;the grain yield was the highest in the N2 treatment,and the protein content was the highest in the N3 treatment.Shiyou 20 had the highest yield,Gaoyou 2018 had the highest grain protein content,and Shiluan 02-1 had better comprehensive performance.Therefore,under the condition of the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing ratio of 5:5,and the nitrogen fertilizer application in the jointing period,applying pure nitrogen 240kg/ha for Shiyou 20 and Gaoyou 2018 and applying pure nitrogen 180kg/ha for Shiluan 02-1 were beneficial to improve grain yield,protein and its component contents,which could reach the goal of synergistic improvement of yield and quality.

关 键 词：氮肥处理 强筋小麦 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]