叶面肥对叶菜型甘薯茎尖产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Foliar Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Shoot Tip in Leaf-Vegetable Sweet Potato

作　　者：徐茜 曾新宇 肖波 李保证 张兴端 Xu Qian;Zeng Xinyu;Xiao Bo;Li Baozheng;Zhang Xingduan(Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 404155,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡农业科学院,重庆万州404155

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第3期183-187,共5页Crops

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-10-C19);重庆市科技局重点项目“甘薯鲜食营养型及高直淀粉组分新品种创制”(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0100);万州区委人才办项目“甘薯良种创新团队”。

摘　　要：叶面肥具有针对性强、吸收快、效果好的特点,为减少化肥用量,以叶菜型甘薯万菜薯7号为试验材料,以常规追施尿素为对照,设置减量追施30%尿素与喷施不同叶面肥组合为追肥处理开展试验,研究叶面肥对甘薯茎尖产量和品质的影响。结果表明,处理4(常规追肥减量30%+瑞洛叶面肥1000倍液)效果最佳,采收4次的茎尖产量达51846.00kg/hm^(2),较常规施肥增产9.71%,叶绿素相对含量达到45.33,茎尖鲜样干物质、粗蛋白、维生素C、粗纤维和总糖含量分别为8.43%、2.19%、14.7mg/100g、1.23%和0.74%。经济效益方面,处理4扣除肥料成本后,效益为93237.00元/hm^(2),比对照增加8670.45元/hm^(2),增幅为10.25%。在叶菜型甘薯生产中,喷施叶面肥作补充追肥,能减少30%化肥使用量,最终实现节本增效的目标。Foliar fertilizer has the characteristics of strong pertinence,fast absorption and good effect.In order to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer,the study was conducted on the leaf-vegetable sweet potato,Wancaishu 7,using conventional urea topdressing as the control group,and using different percentages of foliar fertilizer to substitute 30%urea topdressing as experiment group to study effects of foliar fertilizer on the yield and quality of shoot tip in leaf-vegetable sweet potato.The results showed that treatment 4(using 1000 times concentrated Ruiluo foliar fertilizer to replace 30%conventional topdressing)had the most optimized effects,with the four times shoot tip yield reached 51846.00kg/ha which was 9.71%higher than control group,chlorophyll SPAD was 45.33,dry matter content of fresh stem tip was 8.43%,crude protein was 2.19%,vitamin C content was 14.7mg/100g,crude fiber was 1.23%,and total sugar content was 0.74%.From economic benefits perspective,after deducting the fertilizer cost,the profit of treatment 4 was 93237.00 yuan/ha which was 8670.45 yuan/ha(10.25%)higher than control group.In the production of leaf-vegetable sweet potato,spraying foliar fertilizer as supplementary topdressing could reduce the fertilizer application by 30%,and finally achieve the goal of saving costs and increasing benefits.

关 键 词：叶菜型甘薯 叶面肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]