氮磷钾配施对植烟土壤速效养分和真菌多样性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Application on Available Nutrients and Fungal Diversity in Tobacco-Growing Soil

作　　者：李航 苏梦迪 黄浪平 马啸[2] 王欢欢 敖飞[2] 胡丽涛[2] 张松涛 Li Hang;Su Mengdi;Huang Langping;Ma Xiao;Wang Huanhuan;Ao Fei;Hu Litao;Zhang Songtao(College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation in Tobacco Industry,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Fengdu Branch of Chongqing,National Tobacco Corporation,Chongqing 408200,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]中国烟草总公司重庆市公司丰都分公司,重庆408200

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第3期238-245,共8页Crops

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重庆市公司科技项目“提升丰都烟叶云烟品牌工业可用性关键技术集成与推广”[A20201NY01-1303(2)]。

摘　　要：氮磷钾肥可通过改变土壤养分影响烟叶质量,然而其对植烟土壤真菌多样性的影响尚不清晰。设置CK(不施肥)、NPK、PK、NK和NP处理,通过高通量测序和RDA方法对植烟土壤速效养分及其与土壤真菌多样性之间的关系进行分析,为通过土壤速效养分调控真菌多样性提供理论依据。结果表明,不同施肥处理对速效养分影响不同,移栽后30和60d施肥处理显著降低了土壤的pH。施肥处理降低了真菌的多样性(移栽后30d)和丰富度(移栽后60d),在门水平上,施肥处理通过改变担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、接合菌门(Zygomycota)和壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)的相对丰度影响真菌群落结构;在属水平上,移栽后30d施肥处理增加了木霉属(Trichoderma)和青霉属(Penicillium)的相对丰度(PK处理除外),移栽后90d施肥处理降低了镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的相对丰度。土壤速效养分和pH对真菌群落组成影响显著,其中速效磷和碱解氮是主要影响因子。Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer affect tobacco leaf quality by changing soil nutrients,but the mechanism of its effect on fungal diversity in tobacco-growing soil is unclear.Five treatments were set in the field experiment,CK(no fertilization),NPK,PK,NK and NP.We adopted high-throughput sequencing method and redundancy analysis to analyze the relationships between soil available nutrients and fungal diversity for providing a theoretical basis of regulating fungal diversity through soil available nutrients.The results showed that NPK,PK,NK and NP treatments had different effects on available nutrients and significantly decreased soil pH at 30 and 60d after transplanting.NPK,PK,NK and NP treatments decreased fungal diversity(30d after transplanting)and richness(60d after transplanting).At the phylum level,NPK,PK,NK and NP treatments altered fungal community structure by changing the relative abundances of Basidiomycota,Ascomycota,Zygomycota,and Chytridiomycota.At the genus level,NPK,PK,NK and NP treatments increased the relative abundances of Trichoderma and Penicillium at 30d after transplanting(except PK treatment),while decreased the relative abundance of Fusarium at 90d after transplanting.Soil available nutrients and pH had significant effects on fungal community composition,among which available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main influencing factors.

关 键 词：氮磷钾配施 植烟土壤 速效养分 真菌多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]