观测资料短缺地区水文模拟与地表水资源时空分布评价——以马莲河流域为例  

Hydrological Simulation and Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Surface Water Resources in Areas with Shortage of Observational Data:A Case Study of Malian River Basin

作　　者：高文冰[1,2] 姚聪聪 夏岩 喻晓琳[1,2] 张洪波 GAO Wen-bing;YAO Cong-cong;XIA Yan;YU Xiao-lin;ZHANG Hong-bo(Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xiʹan 710021,Shaanxi Province,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration&Development of Low Permeability Oil/Gas Fields,Xiʹan 710021,Shaanxi Province,China;School of Water and Environment,Changʹan University,Xiʹan 710054,Shaanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education,Changʹan University,Xiʹan 710054,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油长庆油田公司勘探开发研究院,陕西西安710021 [2]低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室,陕西西安710021 [3]长安大学水利与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [4]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第7期8-18,共11页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979005);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JC-LHJJ-03)。

摘　　要：传统的资料短缺地区水文设计多采用水文移用方法,但受黄土高原空间异质性影响,估算结果常存在较大误差,且黄土高原区产流机制较为复杂,地下水补给强烈,简单的水文模型多难以准确模拟区域水文过程。鉴于此,以马莲河流域为研究区域,透过SWAT-MODFLOW耦合模型实施马莲河流域尺度的水文模拟,并评价其地表水资源在不同地表覆盖下的时空分布格局及其演化特征,以期为以马莲河流域为代表的资料短缺地区的地表水资源量评价提供参考。模型校验结果表明,构建的SWAT-MODFLOW耦合模型在以马莲河流域为代表的黄土高原具有较好的适用性,出口站点的NSE系数高达0.92。相比水文设计中常用的面积比推算法,基于耦合模型获取的地表水资源量空间分布成果更具有参考价值。近天然条件下马莲河流域内不同子流域或区域的出口断面径流及产水能力具有显著的空间异质性,出口断面径流整体呈现自西北向东南逐渐递增的趋势,流域上游东川、西川干流区域产水能力最强,环江上游区域产水能力较弱,其他区域产水能力介于二者之间。以耕地向草地和林地转移的流域植被覆盖改变,对马莲河流域地表水资源量的影响有限,而以取用水为代表的流域直接人类活动对径流减少的影响强烈。The traditional hydrological design in data-starved areas mostly uses hydrological transfer methods,but due to the spatial heterogeneity of the Loess Plateau,the estimation results often have large errors,and the runoff mechanism in the Loess Plateau area is relatively complex,with strong groundwater recharge,so it is difficult for simple hydrological models to accurately simulate the regional hydrological processes.Given this,this paper takes the Malian River Basin as the study area,implements the hydrological simulation on the scale of the Malian River Basin through the SWAT-MODFLOW coupled model,evaluates the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of its surface water resources under different surface cover and its evolution characteristics,to provide a reference for the evaluation of water resources in the data scarce area represented by the Malian River Basin.The model calibration results show that the constructed SWAT-MODFLOW coupled model has good applicability in the loess plateau represented by the Malian River basin,and the NSE coefficient of the outlet site is as high as 0.92.Compared with the area ratio calculation method commonly used in hydrological design,the spatial distribution results of surface water resources obtained based on the coupled model have more reference value.The spatial heterogeneity of runoff and water production capacity of different sub-basins or regions in the Malian River Basin under near-natural conditions is remarkable.The overall trend of runoff at the outlet section is gradually increasing from northwest to southeast,with the strongest water production capacity in the Dongchuan and Xichuan mainstream areas in the upper part of the basin,the weaker capacity in the upper part of the Huanjiang River,and the water production capacity in other areas between the two.The change of vegetation cover in the basin with the transfer from cropland to grassland and woodland has a limited impact on the surface water resources in the Malian River basin,while the direct human activitie

关 键 词：资料短缺地区 水资源评价 SWAT-MODFLOW耦合模型 时空分布特征 马莲河 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]