《行海要术》中的航行方法初探  

Preliminary Exploration on the Sailing Methods in Xing Hai Yao Shu

作　　者：汪祥胜[1] 秦刚 WANG Xiangsheng;QIN Gang(School of Marxism,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学马克思主义学院,江苏镇江212003

出　　处：《江苏科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期8-15,42,共9页Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研创新计划课题“科技成果传播与国家认同研究”(KYCX21_3418)。

摘　　要：《行海要术》是江南制造局翻译馆于1890年刊行的西方航海学著作,其中介绍了平面行法、距等行法、纡道行法、中纬行法和墨噶祷行法五种航行方法,这五种方法着重阐述了航迹计算的原理、过程以及适用范围。《行海要术》中的航行方法既具有形式科学的抽象性,又具有应用科学的实证性:前者体现在依靠数学模型计算,后者体现在通过纪程仪、罗盘的使用获得航行数据,藉此对航迹进行推算。《行海要术》中平面行法、距等行法、纡道行法、中纬行法和墨噶祷行法后来发展成为航海学中的平面航法、折航法、中分纬度航法和墨卡托航法。航行方法的两种特性则促进了我国航海知识从“研究领域形态”到“学科形态”的转变。Xing Hai Yao Shu is a western nautical book translated and introduced by the Translation Hall of Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau in 1890,which introduced five sailing methods:plane sailing,traverse sailing,parallel sailing,middle-latitude sailing and Mercator sailing.There navigation methods emphasize the principle,process,and applicability of track calculation.The sailing methods in Xing Hai Yan Shu are characterized with both the abstraction of formal science and the positivity of applied science.The former is reflected in relying on the calculation of mathematical model,while the latter is reflected in obtaining navigation data through the use of log and compass to calculate the track.Plane sailing,traverse sailing,parallel sailing,middle-latitude sailing and Mercator sailing later developed into plane navigation,folding navigation,mid-latitude navigation and Mercator navigation.The two features of sailing methods promoted the transformation of navigation knowledge in China from"the research field form"to"the disciplinary form".

关 键 词：《行海要术》 航行方法 航海学 

分 类 号：K251[历史地理—历史学]