北方方言中“VC了”能性动补结构及能性义由来  

Potential Verb-Complement Construction"VC le"and the Origin of Its Functional Meanings in Northern Dialects

作　　者：李维 LI Wei(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;School of Foreign Languages,Yan′an University,Yan′an 716000,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872 [2]延安大学外国语学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《延安大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期95-101,共7页Journal of Yan'an University (Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代汉语语法演变与现代汉语通语和方言格局形成之关系研究”(19ZDA310);国家社会科学基金重大项目“明代至民国西北地区契约文书整理、语言文字研究及数据库建设”(19ZD309)。

摘　　要：汉语史中“VC了”构式最早是结果补语式,至迟在清代文献中的未然语境中发展出表能性的用法,此种用法在现代北方方言中普遍存在。基于陕北晋语语料的考察,可以判定陕北晋语中普遍使用的“VC了”(“了”通常写作“叻/嘞”)能性动补结构与其他北方方言的能性动补结构“VC了”具有同一性。北方方言中“VC了”从表结果到表能性是受动补结构“V得C”由表结果到表能性类推作用的结果。其能性义是由整个“VC了”构式来表达,而非构式中的某一个组成要素。The"VC le"construction was first used in Chinese history as a result verb-complement,and at the latest developed a potential usage in the context of the Qing Dynasty literature,which is universal use in modern northern dialects.Based on the investigation of use of the Northern Shaanxi Jin dialects,it can be determined that it is the same usage as it is in northern dialects.The"VC le"construction in northern dialects is an analogy to the"V de C"structure.At the same time,the expression of its possibility meaning comes from the entire construction not the constituent elements of it.

关 键 词：北方方言 能性动补结构 “VC了” 语法化 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]