自然环境与人工环境下大白杜鹃根内真菌的比较  

Comparison of the fungi in the roots of Rhododendron decorum grown in natural and artificial environments

作　　者：张正权 苏锡钧 沈洪苇 王琦 王安娜 罗宗龙 ZHANG Zhengquan;SU Xijun;SHEN Hongwei;WANG Qi;WANG An’na;LUO Zonglong(College of Agriculture and Biological Science,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671003,China;Center of Excellence in Fungal Research,Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai 57100,Thailand)

机构地区：[1]大理大学农学与生物科学学院,云南大理671003 [2]泰国皇太后大学卓越真菌研究中心,泰国清莱57100

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2023年第4期397-406,共10页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“横断山南段三江并流区水生真菌地理分布格局及形成机制”(31970021);云南省教育厅科学研究基金研究生项目“海拔对苍山杜鹃属植物内生菌根真菌多样性及群落结构的影响研究”(2022Y895);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“苍山杜鹃属植物菌根真菌多样性研究”(2022J0686);“苍山七种珍稀濒危杜鹃根基微生物调查分析”(2019J0761)。

摘　　要：为明确大白杜鹃(Rhododendron decorum)在基于种子开展的人工繁育过程中与其生长发育相关的关键根内真菌类群,采用高通量测序技术,对大白杜鹃的野生植株和人工繁育植株(人工植株)根内真菌群落组成进行比较。结果显示:野生植株根内真菌的Shannon指数、Ace指数、Chao指数和Shannoneven指数均大于人工植株,Simpson指数则相反;野生植株的根内真菌以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)真菌为主,人工植株的根内真菌则以子囊菌门真菌为主;在属和物种水平上,野生植株和人工植株根内真菌的优势类群具有显著差异(P<0.05);野生植株根内真菌组内离散程度高于人工植株;树粉孢属(Oidiodendron)及Acephala属真菌作为重要的杜鹃花类菌根真菌,仅在野生植株根系中分布。野生植株的根内真菌多样性、丰富度及均匀度均高于人工植株;采自景东和鲁甸的野生植株的根内真菌群落组成无显著差异,但其真菌功能存在较大差异;野生植株和人工植株的真菌群落结构和优势类群均存在显著差异(P<0.05),人工植株根内真菌主要为广布型的腐生真菌和病原真菌,缺乏菌根真菌。To clarify the key root fungal groups associated with the growth and development of Rhododendron decorum during seed⁃based artificial breeding,the root fungal communities of wild and artificially bred R.decorum were compared and analyzed using high⁃throughput sequencing.This information may help identify the symbiotic fungal to breeding of Rhododendron.The analysis showed that the Shannon,Ace,Chao,and Shannoneven indices of the root⁃colonizing fungi of wild R.decorum growing in natural habitats were higher than those for artificially bred R.decorum,whereas the Simpson index was lower in wild R.decorum.The root fungal community of wild R.decorum was dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota,whereas that of artificially bred R.decorum was dominated only by Ascomycota,and the dominant groups of root fungi in the wild and artificially bred R.decorum were significantly different at genus and species levels(P<0.05).The degree of dispersion within the wild R.decorum root fungi was higher than that of artificially bred R.decorum,Oidiodendron and Acephala,as important ericoid mycorrhizal fungi,are only distributed in the roots of wild R.decorum.The diversity,richness,and evenness of the root fungi were higher in wild R.decorum than in artificially bred R.decorum root fungi.Although there was no significant difference in the composition of the fungal community in the roots of wild R.decorum which from Jingdong County and Ludian County,but there were significant differences in fungal functions.There were also significant differences in the fungal community structure and dominant groups between wild grown R.decorum and artificially bred R.decorum(P<0.05),and artificially bred plants had few or no typical ericoid mycorrhizal fungi.

关 键 词：高通量测序 大白杜鹃 菌根真菌 群落结构 优势类群 

分 类 号：S685.21[农业科学—观赏园艺]