不同保水措施对苹果园土壤肥水及苹果树生长结果的影响  

Effects of different water retention treatments on soil water and fertilizer conservation and growth and development of apple orchard

作　　者：费丽彬 胡化涛 李赵伟 刘小盛 王忆 许雪峰 韩振海 FEI Libin;HU Huatao;LI Zhaowei;LIU Xiaosheng;WANG Yi;XU Xuefeng;HAN Zhenhai(College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学园艺学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国果树》2023年第7期30-36,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：陕西省科技重大专项(2020zdzx03-01-01);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业(苹果)产业技术体系(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：为了探究旱地苹果园长效实用的水肥保持方法,在延安市黄土塬上的果园中探究不同保水处理对土壤含水量、土壤养分含量、树体生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明:埋砖和施用保水剂均能减缓深层土壤含水量的下降趋势;埋砖叠加保水剂处理可提高土壤N、P和K养分含量,单一保水处理可提高土壤P、K的养分含量;各处理均能提高叶片SPAD值和叶片含水量;各处理均可增加苹果单果重和单株产量;保水剂处理和埋砖叠加保水剂处理更能提高花芽数、花序数、可溶性糖含量和维生素C含量。黄土塬上的苹果园进行埋砖和施用保水剂的保水措施,可以增加土壤含水量及土壤养分,实现保水节水的目的,同时一定程度上可促进幼树花芽的形成,提高单果重和产量。In order to explore long-term dry apple orchards and practical method of water retention in the orchard of yan’an Loess Plateau explore different water retention treatments on soil moisture,soil nutrient content,the influence of tree growth and fruit quality.The results showed that buried brick and application of water retaining agent could both slow down the decline trend of deep soil water content.The soil N,P and K nutrient contents could be increased by superposed water retaining agent treatment of buried brick,and P and K nutrient contents could be increased by single water retaining agent treatment.All the treatments could increase SPAD value and water content of leaves.Each treatment can increase apple fruit weight and yield per plant.The number of flower buds,the number of flower,the content of soluble sugar and the content of vitamin C were increased by the treatment of water retaining agent and the treatment of buried brick superposition water retaining agent.Apple orchards of Loess Plateau buried brick water measures and application of water retaining agent,can increase soil moisture and soil nutrient,achieve the purpose of water saving,at the same time,to a certain extent can promote young trees flower bud formation,improve the fruit weight and yield.

关 键 词：苹果园 埋砖 保水剂 土壤 生长 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]