环割对基质栽培蓝莓生长及花芽形成的影响  

Effects of girdling on growth and flower bud formation of substrate cultivated blueberry

作　　者：刘宣 唐雪东[1] 刘晓嘉[1] 刘海瀛 陈国双[2] 李亚东[1] LIU Xuan;TANG Xuedong;LIU Xiaojia;LIU Haiying;CHEN Guoshuang;LI Yadong(College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学园艺学院,长春130118 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2023年第3期47-53,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28080400);吉林省科技发展项目(20200402080NC)。

摘　　要：以3年生基质盆栽蓝莓品种利珀蒂为试材,设置不同程度的环割处理(环割1、2、3、4圈),测定不同处理下蓝莓树体生长及生理指标,探讨环割对基质栽培蓝莓生长及花芽形成的影响。结果表明,环割可以有效抑制树势,控制新梢旺长,增加新梢粗度,阻碍树体的光合产物向下运输,使树体光合速率降低,提高叶片中可溶性蛋白含量与C/N,调节内源激素平衡,提高花芽数,进而提高树体产量,但环割程度过重并不利于树体形成花芽。环割处理后的30~120 d,环割3圈处理表现最好,植株叶片的净光合速率比CK显著降低了62.63%,叶片可溶性蛋白含量和C/N分别比CK提高了51.21%和67.00%,ABA/IAA、ABA/GA3、ZR/IAA、ZR/GA3分别比CK提高了49.91%、32.83%、41.14%、25.05%,花芽数比CK显著提高了44.58%。在实际生产中可以采用环割3圈的修剪方式来调控基质栽培蓝莓的生长,增加花芽数。In this experiment, the three-year matrix potted blueberry cultivar ‘Liberty’ was used as the experimental material, set 1~4 circles of different degrees of girdling treatment. The growth and physiological indexes of blueberry were measured to explore the effects of girdling on the growth and flower bud formation in substrate-cultivated blueberry. The results show that girdling can effectively inhibit the tree vigor, control the vigorous growth of new shoots, increase the diameter of new shoots, hinder the downward transportation of photosynthetic products, thus reducing the photosynthetic rate, increase the content of soluble protein and C/N value in leaves, regulate the balance of endogenous hormones, increase the number of flower buds, and then increase the yield of trees. However, excessive girdling is not conducive to the formation of flower buds. Within30~120 days after treatment, the net photosynthetic rate of plant leaves in 3 circles girdling treatment was 62.63% lower than that of CK, and the average soluble protein content and C/N ratio of leaves were increased by 51.21% and 67.00%, respectively,compared with CK, ABA/IAA, ABA/GA3, ZR/IAA and ZR/GA3was increased by 49.91%, 32.83%, 41.14% and 25.05%, the number of flower bud formation was significantly increased by 44.58% compared with CK. In actual production, 3-circles girdling can be used to regulate the growth of substrate-cultivated blueberries, so as to increase the number of flower buds formed.

关 键 词：蓝莓 基质栽培 环割 花芽形成 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]