寒地苹果资源遗传多样性及群体结构的SSR标记分析  

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of apple resources in cold region based on SSR markers

作　　者：刘畅[1] 郭劲鹏 高源[3] 胡颖慧[1] 杨悦 宋宏伟[4] 卜海东[1] 于文全[1] 王昆[3] 顾广军[1] LIU Chang;GUO Jinpeng;GAO Yuan;HU Yinghui;YANG Yue;SONG Hongwei;BU Haidong;YU Wenquan;WANG Kun;GU Guangjun(Mudanjiang Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding and Cultivation in Cold Region;Mudanjiang Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences;Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Fruit Research Institute,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,寒地果树育种与栽培重点实验室,157000 [2]黑龙江省林业科学院牡丹江分院 [3]中国农业科学院果树研究所,农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室 [4]吉林省农业科学院果树研究所

出　　处：《中国果树》2023年第5期15-22,共8页China Fruits

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303093);黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程(HNK2019CX11-1)。

摘　　要：对49份寒地苹果资源采用荧光SSR分子标记技术,并利用GenAlEx 6.501软件进行遗传多样性分析,利用NTSYS 1.2软件进行聚类分析,利用STRUCTURE 2.3.4软件进行群体结构分析。结果表明:20对SSR引物通过DNA扩增共检测出278个多态性等位基因,平均多态性等位基因数为13.850,平均有效等位基因数为6.649,香农多样性指数为2.065,观察杂合度和期望杂合度的平均值分别为0.569和0.799,具有较高的遗传多样性。楸子群体与中国苹果群体间遗传距离最小,为0.261,楸子群体与西洋苹果群体间遗传距离最大,为0.411,属于中度分化。基于UPGMA遗传距离的聚类分析,在遗传距离0.80处49份材料可以分成2个类群,第Ⅰ类包括18份资源,全部是中国苹果群体;第Ⅱ类包括31份资源,其中楸子群体10份,中国苹果群体16份,西洋苹果群体5份。在遗传距离0.81处,第Ⅰ类进一步分为Ⅰa和Ⅰb两个亚类,分别包含5份和13份资源。群体结构分组与聚类分析有相似的结果,发现遗传距离和类群归属与地理位置并不完全相关,各群体间存在基因渗透。SSR molecular marker technology is a powerful tool for genetic diversity and population structure analysis of germplasm resources.In this study,genetic diversity and cluster analysis of 49 apple resources in cold regions were carried out by using fluorescent SSR molecular marker technology and GenAlEx 6.501 software and NTSYS 1.2 software.STRUCTURE 2.3.4 software was used to analyze the population structure.The results show that:the average number of polymorphic alleles was 13.850,the average number of effective alleles was 6.649,and shannon diversity index was 2.065.The average of observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.569 and 0.799,respectively,indicating high genetic diversity.The minimum genetic distance between the subpopulation of Catalpa and the Chinese apple population was 0.261,and the maximum genetic distance between the subpopulation of Catalpa and the Western apple population was 0.411,indicating moderate differentiation.Based on UPGMA clustering analysis,49 materials could be divided into two groups at 0.80 genetic distance.The first group included 18 resources,all of which were Chinese apple population.The second group included 31 resources,including 10 from catalpa population,16 from Chinese apple population and 5 from Western apple population.At the genetic distance of 0.81,groupⅠwas further divided into two subgroupsⅠa andⅠb,containing 5 and 13 resources,respectively.The results of population structure grouping and cluster analysis were similar,and it was found that genetic distance and group belonging were not completely correlated with geographical location,and there was gene infiltration among populations.

关 键 词：寒地苹果资源 荧光SSR标记 遗传多样性 聚类分析 群体结构 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]