抗菌聚丙烯熔喷材料的反应挤出法制备及其性能  

Fabrication and properties of antibacterial polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabrics by reactive extrusion

作　　者：陈卓 戴钧明 潘晓娣 李沐芳 刘轲 赵青华 CHEN Zhuo;DAI Junming;PAN Xiaodi;LI Mufang;LIU Ke;ZHAO Qinghua(Technology and Research Institute,Wuhan Textile University,Wuhan,Hubei 430200,China;Sinopec Yizheng Chemical Fibre Co.,Ltd.,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 211900,China;Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products,Ministry of Education,Wuhan,Hubei 430200,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉纺织大学技术研究院,湖北武汉430200 [2]中国石化仪征化纤有限责任公司,江苏扬州211900 [3]纺织纤维及制品教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430200

出　　处：《纺织学报》2023年第6期57-65,共9页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：湖北省科技创新专项(2021BAA067);湖北省揭榜制科技项目(2021BEC014)。

摘　　要：为制备高效抗菌的医用材料,利用反应挤出工艺将氯胺前驱体甲基丙烯酰胺(MAM)通过自由基接枝到聚丙烯(PP)主链上,制备出改性聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酰胺(PP-g-MAM)母粒,然后通过熔喷纺丝制备得到熔喷材料并进行氯化处理,对其组成结构、耐热性、力学性能、表面形态、过滤效果和抗菌性能进行综合评价。结果表明:MAM成功接枝到了PP分子链上,且改性对PP的耐热性、熔喷材料的纤维形貌及力学性能影响较小;PP-g-MAM熔喷材料对粒径≥0.3μm的氯化钠气溶胶的过滤效率为98.6%,氯化熔喷材料的过滤效率下降4%~14%,但可通过电晕再驻极使过滤效率恢复到98%以上;在氯化溶液pH值为5且氯化时间为10 min时,氯化PP-g-MAM熔喷材料中的活性氯含量超过0.03%,其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率超过98%,且与大肠杆菌接触20 min后抑菌率超过99%。Objective Because of the different biological structure of virus and bacteria,traditional antibacterial polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric is difficult to have good killing effect on virus.Hypochlorite or chlorinecontaining disinfectant that can release active chlorine has been reported to have excellent inactivation effect on bacteria and viruses.Therefore,the design of a polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric was carried out to release active chlorine in order to effectively solve the problem of poor inactivity of air filter materials on viruses.Method Modified polypropylene(PP)grafted methyl acrylamide(MAM)resin was prepared by using reactive extrusion process to graft the halogen amine precursor onto the PP molecular chain through a free radical initiator,before the PP-g-MAM resin was added to the melt-blowing machine.The PP-g-MAM melt-blown nonwoven fabric for chlorination and re-electret was fabricated,in order to obtain polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric with high efficiency filtration and sterilization and antiviral function.Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the average diameter of PP-g-MAM melt-blown nonwoven fibers and the fiber diameter distribution.Results The average diameter of PP-g-MAM melt-blown nonwoven fibers is 7.24μm,and the fiber diameter distribution is concentrated in 1-3μm(Fig.7).Compared with the pure PP resin,two new characteristic peaks appeared in the wavelength range of 1700-1500 cm^(-1) for the purified PP-g-MAM resin,corresponding to the C􀪅O bond stretching vibration peak of 1668 cm^(-1) and the N—H bond bending vibration peak of 1600 cm^(-1)(Fig.4).The grafting efficiency and grafting rate of MAM was 43.02%and 1.01%by organic element content detection.In the thermal weight loss behavior,the thermogravimetric(TG)curves of PP resin and PP-g-MAM resin almost coincided,and so did the differential thermogravimetric(DTG)curves(Fig.5),where the initial and termination decomposition temperatures of PP-g-MAM resin were 427.9 and 469.2℃,respectively

关 键 词：聚丙烯熔喷材料 接枝 甲基丙烯酰胺 熔融反应挤出 活性氯含量 医用材料 抗菌纺织品 

分 类 号：TS176.4[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]