居住安排对我国老年人生活满意度的影响效应分析  

Analysis of the influence effect of living arrangements on the life satisfaction of the elderly in China

作　　者：王琼 刘晨 侯晓春 刘军[1] 吴炳义[1] 周建裕[1] WANG Qiong;LIU Chen;HOU Xiao-chun;LIU Jun;WU Bing-yi;ZHOU Jian-yu(School of Management,Weifang Medical College,Weifang,Shandong 261053,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院管理学院,山东261053

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第12期2195-2200,2214,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(17ZDA124);中国残联研究课题(21&ZC014);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG007)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨居住安排对老年人生活满意度的影响,为实施积极老龄化国家战略,提升广大老年人的幸福感提供实证依据。方法 运用2011-2012年、2014年和2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)三期面板数据,采用个体固定效应模型进行分析。结果 描述分析发现,当前我国的养老模式以居家养老为主,老年人与子女同住占比较高,但呈下降的趋势;回归分析显示,在控制老年人社会经济状况和健康状况等情况下,与子女同住最有利于提升老年人生活满意度水平,与其他家人同住次之(β=0.206,95%CI:0.054~0.358),入住养老机构的老年人生活满意度最低(β=-1.021,95%CI:-1.703~-0.339);居住安排对生活满意度的影响效应存在城乡、性别的异质性。经济地位的调节效应显示,相较于经济状况较差,自评经济状况较好的老年人,居住在养老机构有利于其生活满意度的提升,而对“与其他家人同住”的老年人,自评经济状况较好则不利于其生活满意度的提升。结论 在居家养老为主导的养老模式下,应鼓励老年人与家人同住,最理想的状态是与子女同住;在社会政策上应鼓励“普惠型”养老机构服务模式,“兜底”老年弱势人群的基本养老需求。Objective To explore the impact of housing arrangements on the life satisfaction of the elderly,and to provide an empirical basis for the implementation of the national strategy of active aging and the improvement of the happiness of the elderly.Methods The three-phase panel data of the China Elderly Health Influencing Factors Tracking Survey(CLHLS)from 2011 to 2012,2014,and 2018 were used to analyze the individual fixed effect model.Results The description analysis found that the current pension model in China was mainly based on home care,and the proportion of the elderly living with their children was relatively high,but there was a downward trend;regression analysis showed that in the context of controlling for socioeconomic status and health status of older people,among other things,living with children was the most conducive to improving the life satisfaction level of the elderly,followed by living with other family members(β=0.206,95%CI:0.054-0.358),and the elderly living satisfaction in old-age institutions was the lowest(β=-1.021,95%CI:-1.703--0.339);the effect of housing arrangements on life satisfaction was characterized by urban-rural and gender heterogeneity.The adjustment effect of economic status showed that compared with the elderly with poor economic conditions and self-rated economic conditions,living in pension institutions was conducive to the improvement of their life satisfaction,while the elderly who“live with other families”were not conducive to the improvement of their life satisfaction.Conclusion In the home-based pension model,the elderly should be encouraged to live with their families,and the ideal state is to live with their children;In terms of social policies,we should encourage the“inclusive”service model of old-age care institutions,and“bottom-up”the basic old-age needs of the elderly and vulnerable people.

关 键 词：老年人 生活满意度 居住安排 面板数据 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]