医务人员血源性职业暴露防护体系的研究  

Study on the protection system for medical staff against blood-borne occupational exposure

作　　者：郑钦方 张媛媛[1] ZHENG Qinfang;ZHANG Yuanyuan(School of Public Health,Dalian Medical University,Dalian,Liaoning 116044,China)

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学公共卫生学院,辽宁大连116044

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2023年第3期351-354,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅重点科研项目(LJKZR20220102);辽宁省经济社会发展研究课题(2022lslwzzkt-011)。

摘　　要：医务人员是医疗资源的重要组成部分。高风险、高强度、高应急的工作和复杂的工作环境使从事医疗服务的人员经常暴露于各种职业风险因素中。基于三级预防概念的理论框架,引入零级预防理论,构建并完善职业暴露四级防护管理模式。零级预防将防护关口前移,通过立法,制定法规、防护标准和行为规范,完善医务人员职业卫生防护的保障政策;第一、二级预防主要是采取各项干预措施规避血源性职业暴露的风险或将风险可能造成的损失降至最小;第三级预防主要是评估、总结防护工作质量,修正反馈问题,有效降低职业暴露发生率。应优化医院内部管理,构建支持性环境,积极推行分级防护管理;提升医务人员防护意识,严格规范医务人员自我行为,进而提升医疗行业的整体防护管理水平,防止或减少职业暴露的发生。Medical personnel is an essential part of medical resources.High-risk,high-intensity,high-emergency work,and complex working environment make medical service personnel often expose to various occupational risk factors.Based on the theoretical framework of the concept of three-level prevention,the theory of zero-level prevention is introduced to build and improve the four-level protection management model for occupational exposure.Zero-level prevention moves the protection gateway forward and improves the protection through legislation,regulations,protection standards,and behavioral norms.The first and secondary prevention focuses on interventions to avoid the risk of bloodborne occupational exposure.This can minimize the potential damage caused by the threat.The third level of prevention assessment summarizes the quality of protection work,corrects feedback problems,and effectively reduces the incidence of occupational exposure.It is suggested to optimize the internal management of hospitals,build supportive environment,and actively implement graded protection management;enhance medical personnel’s protection awareness,and strictly regulate their own behavior to improve the overall protection management level of the medical industry and prevent or reduce the occurrence of occupational exposure.

关 键 词：职业暴露 职业防护 防护管理 防护模式 

分 类 号：R197.32[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]