王道世界·受命改制·太平之境——《戴氏注论语》《论语述何》关系初探  

The World of Kingly Way,Mandated Reformation,and a Harmonious Land:A Preliminary Exploration into Dai Wang's Commentary on the Analects and Interpretating the Analects by Liu Fenglu

作　　者：潘炜旻 PAN Wei-min(Department of History,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第4期158-169,共12页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BKS029)。

摘　　要：沟通《论语》《春秋》经义,宣说《论语》反映孔子制作《春秋》,运用三科诸义阐释《论语》,发挥其他公羊义理说解《论语》,是《论语述何》的四个重要内容。《戴氏注论语》通过援引多种典籍勾连《春秋》《论语》经义,反复申言《论语》反映孔子制作《春秋》,大量运用通三统、异内外、张三世义法推阐《论语》,发挥建五始说、经权说、讥世卿说阐发《论语》,对《论语述何》的这四个核心内容作了深入的继承与大力的拓展。在此基础上,戴望通过更广泛沟通《论语》《春秋》,将《论语》转变为贴近《春秋》、宣说王道的经籍,表达了其对儒家外王面向的强烈追求;通过强化孔子当素王《,春秋》创设新法、主张改制革新、为后王立法的特质,指出孔子在《春秋》中注入了改制的理念,表达了其更迫切的改制愿景;通过强化三世渐进义与三世之太平世,指出孔子在《春秋》中寄寓了太平之治的理想,表达了其对太平之境的渴求。由此《,戴氏注论语》强化了公羊改制以致太平的思想特征。细酌戴望对王道世界、改制革新、太平之治的强烈诉求,与其遭遇太平天国战乱、感知同治中兴改革氛围相关。Lunyu Heshu or Interpreting the Analects is composed of four main contents,namely communicating the classics of the Analects and the Spring and Autumn Annals,publicizing the Analects for the verification of Confucius as the composer of the Spring and Autumn Annals,expounding the Analects with the various aspects of three themes,and explaining the Analects with other righteous principles in the Gongyang tradition.With reference to multiple classics,Dai Wang's Commentary on the Analects is connected with the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Analects.While repeatedly stating that the Analects indicates Confucius's making of the Spring and Autumn Annals,it sufficiently adopts such themes as reconciliation between past and present sources of political legitimacy,the distinction between Chinese and non-Chinese cultures,and three stages of human history to interpret the Analects,and exploit the theory of the establishment of five beginnings,the distinction between legitimate political maneuver and realpolitik,the resistance against the heredity system to illuminate the Analects.Hence,the four main contents in Lunyu Heshu or Interpreting the Analects are thoroughly inherited and extended.Accordingly,Dai Wang further links up the Analects and the Spring and Autumn Annals in a much wider way,transforming the Analects into the classics that accords with the Spring and Autumn Annals and publicizes the kingly way while expressing his earnest pursuit of outer kingliness in Confucianism.While strengthening Confucius as the uncrowned king,along with the Spring and Autumn Annals creating the new law,advocating the reformation and making the law for the later kings,he indicates that Confucius implants the ideas of reform in the Spring and Autumn Annals,expressing his urgent prospect for reform.While emphasizing the gradualism and peace in the three stages of human history,he clarifies that Confucius implies the ideal of peaceful governance,expressing his longing for a harmonious land.In this regard,Dai Wang's Commentary on the Ana

关 键 词：戴望 刘逢禄 公羊学 《论语述何》 《戴氏注论语》 改制 

分 类 号：K255[历史地理—历史学] B259.9[历史地理—中国史]