晚清知识分子的帝国主义论  

The Imperialist Theory of Late Qing Intellectuals

作　　者：王锐 WANG Rui(Department of History,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史系,上海200241

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期1-29,53,共30页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“‘文明等级论’在近代中国的传播、影响与批判研究”(20CZS046)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在辛亥革命前十年间,受到明治时代日本不同派别知识分子的影响,中国知识分子开始关注并深入讨论帝国主义问题。梁启超等人接受日本近代国家主义者的论述,认为从民族主义到民族帝国主义是19世纪以降国际政治的必然趋势,因此中国人应该明晰世界大势,认识到中国所处的险恶的外部环境,进而思考振衰起微之道。章太炎、刘师培则受到日本社会主义者(包括无政府主义者)的影响,从经济层面与哲学层面剖析、批判帝国主义。而从晚清知识分子对帝国主义的论述中,可以看到国家主义与社会主义两种不同的政治理论在近代中国的传播。梁启超等人的问题在于,他们虽然意识到帝国主义对中国这样的非西方国家的巨大危害,但缺少构想一种更为平等与公平的国际秩序的契机。In the decade before the Revolution of 1911,influenced by different groups of Japanese intellectuals during the Meiji era,Chinese intellectuals began to pay attention to and deeply discuss the issue of imperialism.Liang Qichao and others accepted the argument of Japanese modern Statism and believed that the transition from nationalism to national imperialism was an inevitable trend in international politics since the 19th century.Therefore,Chinese nation should be clear about the general trend of the world,recognize the dangerous external environment of China,and further think about the ways for development.On the other hand,Zhang Taiyan and Liu Shipei,influenced by Japanese socialists(including Anarchism),analyzed and criticized imperialism from the economic and philosophical perspectives.From the intellectuals exposition of imperialism in the late Qing Dynasty,we can see the dissemination of two different political theories,Statism and socialism,in modern China.However,although Liang Qichao and others were aware of the great harm of imperialism to non-Western countries like China,they lacked the opportunity to conceive a more equal and fair international order.

关 键 词：帝国主义 “灭国新法” 梁启超 康有为 章太炎 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学]