荷印吧城华人天花抗疫实践初探  

reliminary Study on Chinese Smallpox Anti-epidemic Practice in Batavia during the Period of Dutch East Indies

作　　者：沈燕清[1] 吴致静 Shen Yanqing

机构地区：[1]厦门大学东南亚研究中心/印尼研究中心,厦门市361005 [2]厦门大学南洋研究院,361005

出　　处：《八桂侨刊》2023年第2期21-30,92,93,共12页Overseas Chinese Journal of Bagui

基　　金：中国侨联课题“未刊多语种印尼华人公馆账簿整理与研究”(22BZQK236)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：华人移民吧城历史悠久,并构成其“东方外侨”的主体。荷兰殖民者对华人采取“分而治之、间接统治”的民族政策。1742年成立的吧国公堂是吧城华人精英分子管理华人社会内部事务的半自治性组织。间接统治政策给吧城华人的生存和发展带来诸多不利,但也在一定程度上强化了华人社会内部的联系与沟通,有利于华人社会抵御各种疫情的侵袭。19世纪中后期到20世纪初期,吧国公堂组织协调华人社会力量,积极配合殖民政府的天花抗疫工作,避免了因疫情而导致的排斥华人问题的出现。吧城华人的天花抗疫实践对新冠疫情下反击西方的种族主义、民族主义、排外主义的论调无疑具有重要的借鉴意义。Chinese emigration to Batavia has a long history,and constitutes the main body of its"oriental alien".The Dutch colonists adopted the policy of"divide and rule,indirect rule"towards Chinese.The Gongtang,as the Chinese Council in Batavia,was set up in 1742,which was a semi-autonomous organization of the Chinese elite that oversaw the internal affairs of the Chinese community.The indirect rule policy had brought many disadvantages to the existence and development of Chinese in Batavia,but it had also strengthened the connection and communication within the Chinese community to some extent,which helped Chinese community to resist the invasion of various epidemics.From the middle and late 19th century to early 20th century,the Gongtang in Batavia organized and coordinated the Chinese forces,actively cooperated with the colonial government in fighting against smallpox,thus avoided the problem of Chinese exclusion caused by the epidemic.There is no doubt that the fight against smallpox of the Chinese in Batavia has an important reference significance for countering the arguments of racism,nationalism and xenophobicism in the West nowadays.

关 键 词：间接统治 荷印吧城 华人 天花 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]