琯溪蜜柚地上部新生器官生物量和氮磷钾养分累积动态  

The Accumulation Dynamics of Biomass and N,P,K Nutrient in the Aboveground Newborn Organs of‘Guanximiyou’Pomelo Tree

作　　者：张利军 侯凯捷 吴文元 宋彪 麦晓峰 王玉雯 廖文强 李巍 吴良泉 李延 郭九信 ZHANG Lijun;HOU Kaijie;WU Wenyuan;SONG Biao;MAI Xiaofeng;WANG Yuwen;LIAO Wenqiang;LI Wei;WU Liangquan;LI Yan;GUO Jiuxin(International Magnesium Institute,College of Resources and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Forestry Science and Technology Test Center of Fujian Province,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363600,China;Station of Cropland Construction and Soil and Fertilizer of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,国际镁营养研究所,福州350002 [2]广西大学农学院,南宁530004 [3]福建省林业科技试验中心,福建漳州363600 [4]福建省农田建设与土壤肥料技术总站,福州350003

出　　处：《园艺学报》2023年第6期1318-1331,共14页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32272813,31801947);福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01602);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-26-01A);福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2020R1022008);福建农林大学国际镁营养研究所科研基金项目(IMI2018-08)。

摘　　要：研究琯溪蜜柚(Citrusgrandis‘Guanximiyou’)周年地上部新生器官生物量和氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)养分累积特性,为有针对性地科学施肥提供理论和实践依据。于2019和2020年在福建省平和县选取10年生盛果期琯溪蜜柚树为材料,测定其周年全生育期(5次)落花落果、叶片(挂果叶和未挂果叶)、枝条(挂果枝和未挂果枝)和果实(果皮和果肉)生物量,分析各器官N、P和K含量和累积动态。结果显示,地上部新生器官生物量随生育进程逐渐增加,收获期单株地上部新生器官生物量为16.70kg,其中果实、叶片、枝条和落花落果生物量分别占69.45%、23.59%、3.77%和3.19%,并以果肉(43.99%)和未挂果枝梢(22.55%叶和3.55%枝)为主。不同生育期叶片、枝条和果实中的N、P和K含量整体呈下降趋势,其中,挂果叶和枝条的N含量与挂果枝和果肉的P含量呈先下降后上升变化,而果肉的N含量与叶片和果肉的K含量则相反。琯溪蜜柚单株周年地上部新生器官N、P和K累积量分别为235.51、27.58和196.40 g,其中,收获果实带走N、P和K养分量分别为123.55、18.31和140.17 g,而落花落果养分损失量仅占8.44%、5.55%和3.50%。同时,除成熟期K累积量有所降低外,地上部N、P和K累积量均随生育进程逐渐增加;其中叶片和枝条中的N、P和K累积分配逐渐下降而果实中逐渐增加且主要分配在未挂果叶和果肉中。地上部新生器官养分表观平衡表明,农户施肥约有83.7%的N、94.8%的P和80.5%的K富集在土壤或损失于环境中。The present study investigated the biomass and nutrient accumulation characteristics of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)in the aboveground newborn organs of‘Guanximiyou’pomelo(Citrus grandis),so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for targeted scientific fertilization in pomelo production.A field experiment was carried out in Pinghe County of Fujian Province in 2019 and 2020,the ten-year-old pomelo tree was used as the material,and samples were measured for five times during the whole growth period to dynamically determine the biomass of the aboveground tree organ,including fallen flowers and fruits,leaf(leaf with fruit,L+F;leaf without fruit,L-F),branch(branch with fruit,B+F;branch without fruit,B-F)and fruit(peel and pulp).Also,the contents and accumulations of the N,P and K in various organs or parts were measured,and that nutrient balance was calculated in the pomelo tree.The biomass of aboveground newborn organs of pomelo tree increased gradually with the growth process,and the total biomass was 16.70 kg·plant-1 at the harvest,the biomass of fruit,leaf,branch and fallen flowers and fruits accounted for 69.45%,23.59%,3.77%and 3.19%,respectively,in which the biomass was mainly distributed in pulp(43.99%)and shoot without fruit organs(including 22.55%in L-F and 3.55%in B-F).In general,the contents of N,P and K in the leaf,branch and fruit organs were decreased with increasing growth stages of the pomelo tree,in which the N content in L+F and branch while the P content in B+F and pulp organs showed that the first decreased and then increased,by contrast in the N content in pulp and K content in leaf and pulp organs.Based on the characteristics of biomass and nutrient content,the cumulative amounts of N,P and K in the newborn organs of pomelo tree were 235.51,27.58 and 196.40 g·plant-1,respectively.Among them,the nutrient taken away by the fruit harvest was 123.55,18.31 and 140.17 g·plant-1 for N,P and K,in which the nutrient loss of fallen flowers and fruits only accounted for 8.44%,5

关 键 词：柚 新生器官 生物量 养分累积 养分平衡 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]