小麦根系生理活性时空分布与土壤有效养分的关系  

Relationships between Spatiotemporal Distribution of Root Physiological Function and Dynamics of Soil Available Nutrient Content in Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

作　　者：付锦州 吴寅[2] 周苏玫 王文亮[3] 韩亚倩 郭芳芳 张烁 马文奇 杨习文 贺德先 FU Jinzhou;WU Yin;ZHOU Sumei;WANG Wenliang;HAN Yaqian;GUO Fangfang;ZHANG Shuo;MA Wenqi;YANG Xiwen;HE Dexian(College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-Construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China;Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450099,China;College of Resources and Environments,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室/河南粮食作物协同创新中心,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省农业科学院,河南郑州450099 [3]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2023年第7期893-910,共18页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2022YFD230082)。

摘　　要：为了解小麦根系生理活性时空分布与土壤有效养分含量的关系,在2019-2021年两个小麦生长季,于小麦的不同生育时期采用长方体铁盒(0.2 m×0.05 m×0.2 m)在麦行上、行距1/4处、行距1/2处分别取0~0.2 m和0.2~0.4 m土层的样品,测定不同位点小麦根系生物量、根系活跃吸收面积、根总吸收面积、根系活力,以及土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量。结果表明,0~0.2 m和0.2~0.4 m土层中小麦根重密度、根总吸收面积和根系活跃吸收面积随生育时期的推进均呈先升后降的变化趋势;根系活力、根群生理势均呈“低-高-低-高-低”的变化趋势。0~0.2 m土层的根重密度、根总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积、根群生理势均显著高于0.2~0.4 m土层。在灌浆之前,0~0.2 m土层根系活力高于0.2~0.4 m土层;在灌浆到成熟期间,下层根系的根系活力显著增大。在整个生育期内,0~0.2 m土层中根重密度、根总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积和根群生理势的水平分布表现为行上>行距1/4处>行距1/2处;开花期之前,根系活力在行距1/4处最大,开花到成熟期间根系活力水平分布表现为行距1/2处>行距1/4处>行上;0.2~0.4 m土层中,小麦根系分布较均匀。整个生育时期内,0~0.2 m和0.2~0.4 m土层中,根重密度、根总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积与土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均呈负相关;根系活力与土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均呈正相关;根群生理势与土壤速效钾含量呈极显著正相关。土层越深,小麦根系吸收面积越小,根系吸收土壤养分能力则越弱;而在生育后期深层根系活力明显增大。在0~0.2 m土层中,距麦行越远,根系吸收面积越小,吸收土壤养分能力则越弱;而在小麦生育中、后期,距麦行中心线越远,根系活力越大。In order to clarify the temporal and spatial distribution of wheat root physsiological activity and relationship with available nutrient content,during the two-year wheat growing seasons from 2019 to 2021,the samples at different developmental stages were collected using the cubic iron boxes(0.2 m×0.05 m×0.2 m)in 0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m soil layers at the wheat row,1/4 row space,and 1/2 row space,to determine the root biomass,active root absorption area,total root absorption area,root vigor,dry root weight density and root physiological potential.Contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in different soil layers and horizontal sites were analyzed.The results showed that,in 0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m soil layers,dry root weight density,total root absorption area and active root absorption area were first increased and then decreased with the development of growing period.The curves of root vigor and root physiological potential were shaped as an M with the development of growing period.For the vertical distribution of wheat root,dry root weight density,total root absorption area,active root absorption area and root physiological potential in 0-0.2 m soil layer were significantly higher than those in 0.2-0.4 m soil layer(P<0.05).Root vigor in 0-0.2 m soil layer was higher than that in 0.2-0.4 m soil layer at each growth stage before grain-filling,and root vigor in 0.2-0.4 m layer was increased from grain-filling stage to mature stage.In the whole growing period,the horizontal distribution of dry root weight density,total root absorption area,active root absorption area and root physiological potential in 0-0.2 m soil layer ranked as in the wheat row>in 1/4 row space>in 1/2 row space.Root vigor was the highest in 1/4 row space pre-anthesis.From anthesis to mature stage,the horizontal distribution of root vigor ranked as in 1/2 row space>in 1/4 row space>in the wheat row.In 0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m soil layers,dry root weight density,total root absorption area and active root absorption area

关 键 词：小麦 根系生理活性 时空分布 土壤有效养分含量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311