不同氮肥处理对黑青稞籽粒灌浆特性的影响  

Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments on Grain Filling Characteristics of Black Highland Barley

作　　者：东强 张毅 朱定英 彭玉琳 刘人铜 亚梦菲 王建林 DONG Qiang;ZHANG Yi;ZHU Dingying;PENG Yulin;LIU Rentong;YA Mengfei;WANG Jianlin(College of Plant Science,Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Nyingchi,Tibet 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院植物科学学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2023年第7期940-946,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：西藏自治区重大科技专项(XZ202101ZD0004N-03);西藏特色农牧资源研发省部共建协同创新项目(XZTSZY202001);西藏自治区重点研发计划项目(YDZX20195400004717);中国农业大学支援西藏农牧学院专项(ZNKYZX202101);西藏农牧学院研究生创新计划资助项目(YJS2021-08)。

摘　　要：为了解施用不同量尿素(N)、缓释尿素(CN)及其配施黄腐酸(FA)对黑青稞籽粒灌浆特性的影响,以隆子黑为材料,测定并分析了不同氮肥处理下其籽粒灌浆相关指标及其相关性。结果表明:(1)相同施氮量下,较N处理,CN处理下隆子黑渐增期、快增期灌浆速率(R_(1)、R_(2))及最大灌浆速率(R_(max))分别提高11.84%、2.65%、0.46%,渐增期持续时间(T_(a))缩短,快增期持续时间(T b)延长,籽粒产量、千粒重分别提高13.8%、4.11%;(2)较单施氮肥,氮肥配施黄腐酸可提高隆子黑灌浆速率,延长灌浆持续时间,CN+FA处理增效作用最好,其较CN处理的产量、有效穗数、千粒重、穗粒数分别提高21.66%、17.88%、2.87%、20.24%;(3)减氮20%处理下,隆子黑灌浆指标均呈下降趋势,缓释尿素处理无显著的减氮增效优势,CN80%较N、CN处理产量分别下降5.51%、12.08%;(4)快增期灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、灌浆持续时间、快增期持续时间、缓增期持续时间与千粒重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),提高灌浆速率、延长灌浆持续时间是增加隆子黑产量的有效措施。缓释尿素配施黄腐酸提高了黑青稞籽粒灌浆能力、千粒重和产量,生产上推荐135 kg·hm^(-2)缓释尿素配施45 kg·hm^(-2)黄腐酸为黑青稞的最佳施肥方案。In order to understand the effects of nitrogen reduction(N),slow-release urea(CN),and fulvic acid(FA)on grain filling characteristics of black highland barley,the related indices of grain filling of a black highland barley(Longzihei)under different nitrogen treatments were measured and analyzed.The results showed that:compared with N treatment,the filling rate and the maximum filling rate(R_(1),R_(2),R_(max))of Longzihei at increasing stage and rapid increasing stage were increased by 11.84%,2.65%,and 0.46%under CN treatment,respectively.The duration of increasing stage(T_(a))was shortened,and the duration of rapid increasing stage(T_(b))was prolonged.Grain yield and 1000-grain weight were increased by 13.8%and 4.11%,respectively.Combined application of FA further improved the grout rate of Longzihei and prolonged the grout duration.CN+FA treatment has the best effect.Compared with CN treatment,the yield,effective panicle number,1000-grain weight,and panicle number were increased by 21.66%,17.88%,2.87%,and 20.24%,respectively.The grouting indices of Longzihei with 20%nitrogen reduction showed a downward trend,and one-time application of slow-release nitrogen had no significant advantage in nitrogen reduction and efficiency improvement.The yield of CN80%decreased by 5.51%and 12.08%compared with that of N and CN,respectively.The grouting rate,maximum grouting rate,the duration of grouting,the duration of rapid increasing period,and the duration of slow increasing period were significantly positively correlated with 1000-grain weight(P<0.01).Increasing the grouting rate and extending the duration of grouting were effective measures to increase the yield of black barley.The filling capacity,1000-grain weight and yield of Longzihei were improved by applying FA with CN.135 kg·hm^(-2) CN with 45 kg·hm^(-2) FA was recommended as the best fertilization scheme for black highland barley.

关 键 词：缓释尿素 黄腐酸 黑青稞 籽粒 灌浆特性 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学] S311