永平县漾濞泡核桃优株立地土壤养分丰缺状况  

Soil nutrients abundance and deficiency of Yangbi Bubble walnut superior plants originated in Yongping county

作　　者：和丽萍 邹伟烈 周来潮 马杰 罗冬梅 苏倩 范志远 HE Liping;ZOU Weilie;ZHOU Laichao;MA Jie;LUO Dongmei;SU Qian;FAN ZHiyuan(Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Yunnan 650201,Kunming,China;Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Yongping,Yunnan 672600,Yongping,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明650201 [2]永平县林业和草原局,云南永平672600

出　　处：《经济林研究》2023年第2期11-20,48,共11页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：云南省省级林业科技推广项目(2021ts01,2021ts02);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(2022TG03);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(No.202205AC160041)。

摘　　要：【目的】为核桃种植区土壤养分管理和施肥决策提供参考。【方法】采用野外调查和室内分析的方法,对永平县7个乡镇19个村庄76株漾濞泡核桃优株15项土壤养分指标进行测定分析。【结果】土壤pH值处于核桃正常生长范围的有42.1%的样本,有57.9%土壤样本的pH值处于偏酸性范围;有85.4%土壤样本的有机质含量处于适宜及以上范围;土壤全氮、全磷含量丰富,有13.2%的样本处于缺乏全钾的状态;土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾处于中等及以上水平的样本比例分别为96.1%、98.7%、100.0%,有效磷含量属于中等偏上变异,有1.3%的样本处于极缺乏有效磷状态;土壤中量元素交换性钙、交换性镁含量均较为丰富,分别有96.0%、85.5%的样本表现为中等及以上水平;微量元素中,100.0%样本的有效铁含量处于较丰富及以上水平,100%样本的有效锰含量处于中等及以上水平,有96.0%、92.1%样本的有效锌、有效铜含量处于中等及以上水平,但有效铜、有效锌含量的变异系数高达97.28%、80.85%,属于强变异,分布极不均匀,3.9%样本的有效铜含量处于缺乏水平,7.9%样本的有效锌含量处于极缺乏水平,土壤有效硼含量较低,80.2%的样本处于缺乏等级。【结论】永平县漾濞泡核桃优株适宜生长在微酸或中性土壤中;有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效锌含量处于中等及以上水平;有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锰、交换性钙含量丰富;部分优株立地土壤的全磷、全钾、交换性镁、有效铜含量偏低;有效硼含量缺乏。根据核桃优株立地土壤养分丰缺状况,应减少氮磷钾化肥用量,增施有机肥,并在基肥中增加硼肥和生物菌肥;同时建议土壤偏酸性地区施用碱性肥料,部分缺磷、镁、铜地区提高施用磷、镁、铜肥的比例。【Objective】In order to provide reference for soil nutrient management and fertilization decision-making in walnut planting area.【Method】Field investigation,indoor analysis and related methods were used,15 soil nutrient indexes of 76 superior plants of Yangbi Bubble walnut in 19 villages of 7 towns in Yongping county were determined and analyzed.【Result】42.1%of soil pH was in the normal growth range of walnut,57.9%was in the acidic range,and 85.4%of soil organic matter was in the suitable or above range.The content of total N and total P in soil was rich,13.2%of total K was deficient,the content of alkaline N,available P and available K in soil were rich,the proportion was medium or above was 96.1%,98.7%and 100%respectively,and the available P belongs to medium or above variation,the contents of exchange of Ca,Mg in soil were rich,and 96%and 85.5%of them were medium or above,respectively.100%of soil available Fe was in the rich and above level,respectively,the percentage of available Mn content 100%was medium or above.The content of available Zn and available Cu was 96%and 92.1%was in the medium or above,but the coefficient of variation of available Cu and available Zn was 97.28%and 80.85%,which belongs to strong variation and uneven distribution,the 3.9%of available Cu was deficient,7.9%of available Zn was deficient,the content of available B in soil was low,and 80.2%of available B was deficient.【Conclusion】The superior plants of Yangbi Bubble walnut in Yongping county were suitable for growing in low acid or neutral soil,the contents of organic matter,total N,alkaline N,available Zn were above medium level,and the contents of available P,available K,exchange of Ca,available Fe and available Mn were abundant.Available B was in deficiency.The contents of total K,total P,exchangeable Mg and available Cu in some excellent plant soils were low.Therefore,different walnut superior plants should apply fertilizer according to their nutrient-rich and nutrient-deficient conditions,reduce the amount of N,P,K

关 键 词：漾濞泡核桃优株 土壤养分 丰缺状况 评价 永平县 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]