长江流域乌桕优良种质资源种子品质性状评价  

Evaluation on quality traits of the seeds of Triadica sebifera in the Yangtze River basin

作　　者：向珊珊[1] 杜洋文[1] 程军勇[1] 李军章[1] 陈凤苹[1] 唐岚[1] 刘应斌[1] 邓先珍[1] XIANG Shanshan;DU Yangwen;CHENG Junyong;LI Junzhang;CHEN Fengping;TANG Lan;LIU Yingbin;DENG Xianzhen(Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Woody Oil-Bearing Forest,Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan 430075,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省林业科学研究院湖北省木本粮油林工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430075

出　　处：《经济林研究》2023年第2期30-37,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100803-06)。

摘　　要：【目的】掌握长江流域乌桕种子的含油特性并筛选优良油用种质,为乌桕良种选育提供参考。【方法】对采集的来自5省份的82份乌桕优良种质资源的种子进行千粒质量、全籽含油量、皮油含量、梓油含量以及油脂主要脂肪酸组分含量等品质性状的检测和分析,并采用因子分析法进行综合评价,筛选优良油用种质。【结果】乌桕种子平均千粒质量为142.6 g,平均全籽含油量为39.5%,品质性状变异系数为7%~26%,其中千粒质量变异系数最大,皮油棕榈酸含量、皮油油酸含量和梓油含量的变异系数较低。千粒质量、梓油含量和皮油棕榈酸含量与经纬度和海拔显著相关,全籽含油量、皮油含量,以及油脂中的油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸含量均与经纬度和海拔无显著相关性。千粒质量与全籽含油量、皮油含量、皮油棕榈酸含量、皮油油酸含量呈现极显著正相关,与梓油含量呈现显著负相关。共筛选出10个优良油用种质,其平均全籽含油量达47.6%。【结论】乌桕全籽含油量主要受遗传特性影响,受地理位置和环境条件影响较小。千粒质量、梓油含量和皮油棕榈酸含量等性状受经纬度和海拔的影响显著,在进行原料林建设选址时要考虑这些因素。选育优良油用种质时,可采用千粒质量为初步筛选指标。筛选出的优良油用种质,可作为高油遗传资源育种材料。【Objective】To understand the oil characteristics of seed of Chinese tallow in the Yangtze River basin and screen the excellent oil germplasm,so as to provide theoretical support and breeding materials for the seed breeding of Chinese tallow.【Method】The seed quality traits of 82 seed resources collected from 5 provinces of China were examined and evaluated,such as thousand-seed mass,whole seed oil content,peel oil content,stillingia oil content and main fatty acid content of oil.Factor analysis method was used for comprehensive evaluation to screen the fine oil germplasm.【Result】The average thousand-seed mass of seeds was 142.6 g,the average oil content of whole seeds was 39.5%,and the coefficient of variation of quality traits ranged from 7%to 26%,among which the coefficient of variation of thousand-seed mass was the largest,while the coefficient of variation of palmitate,oleic acid and catalpa oil contents were lower.The whole seed oil content,peel oil content,and oleic acid,linoleic acid,α-linolenic acid had no significant correlation with longitude,latitude and altitude.Thousand-seed mass,catalpa oil content and palmitate content were significantly correlated with longitude,latitude and altitude,while whole seed oil content,peel oil content,and oleic acid,linoleic acid andα-linolenic acid in oil were not significantly correlated with longitude,latitude and altitude.Ten excellent oil germplasm were screened,and the average oil content reached 47.6%.【Conclusion】The whole seed oil content of the allow tree is mainly affected by genetic characteristics,but less by geographical location and environmental conditions.Thousand-grain mass,stillingia oil content and palmitate content in oil were significantly affected by longitude,latitude and altitude,which could be used to guide the site selection of raw material forest construction.Thousand-grain mass can be used as the primary screening index in the breeding of excellent variety.The selected excellent oil germplasm could be used as breeding materia

关 键 词：长江流域 乌桕 品质性状 评价 

分 类 号：S602.4[农业科学—园艺学]