微生物菌肥配施对截干银杏林有效成分积累及叶绿素荧光特性的影响  

Effects of combined application of microbial fertilizer on effective constituent and chlorophyll fluorescence of Ginkgo biloba trunk-cutting seedlings

作　　者：曹栋 冯凯[1,2] 陈颖 李强[1,2] 叶威 程乐[1,2] 钟颂正 CAO Dong;FENG Kai;CHEN Ying;LI Qiang;YE Wei;CHENG Le;ZHONG Songzheng(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《经济林研究》2023年第2期129-136,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0601301);国家自然科学基金项目(31770674);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：【目的】实现银杏叶用林的绿色施肥、有效施肥,提高叶产量的同时促进叶中总黄酮和总萜内酯的积累。【方法】以3年生截干银杏林为研究对象,设置T1(N、P2O5、K2O的配比为9∶18∶18)、T2(N、P2O5、K2O的配比为9∶27∶27)、T3(N、P2O5、K2O的配比为9∶18∶18)+微生物菌肥、T4(N、P2O5、K2O的配比为9∶27∶27)+微生物菌肥、T5(微生物菌肥)、CK(不施肥,对照)共6个处理,研究配方肥和微生物菌肥配施对截干银杏林叶绿素荧光特性、有效成分含量的影响,筛选适用于截干银杏林的施肥模式。【结果】5种施肥模式下截干银杏林的各生长指标均有不同程度的改善,其中T4处理对新梢长、新梢数量、叶片数量和单株干叶质量的影响最大,分别比对照提高了62.0%、91.1%、50.7%、61.6%,T2处理有利于单叶鲜质量的积累。T4和T2处理显著提高了叶绿素光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、实际光化学效率(F_(v)′/F_(m)′)和光化学猝灭系数(PQ),增强了截干银杏林的光合效能。5个施肥处理中,T4处理的单株总黄酮产量和单株总萜内酯产量均最高,分别比对照提高了112.6%和114.6%。综合评价结果表明,T4处理的综合得分最高,各施肥处理按其效果的综合得分由高到低排序依次为T4、T2、T3、T5、T1、CK。【结论】在截干银杏林培育中,添加微生物菌肥有利于银杏叶生长及有效成分的积累,单施高磷钾配方肥也有利于有效成分的积累,配方肥(N、P2O5、K2O的配比为9∶27∶27)与微生物菌肥配施的效果最佳。【Objective】This study aimed to achieve green and effective fertilization,improve leaf yield and quality in Ginkgo biloba and also to promote the accumulation of total flavonoids and total terpenoid lactone yield.【Method】Six different fertilization treatments T1(Ratio of N,P2O5 and K2O is 9∶18∶18),T2(Ratio of N,P2O5 and K2O is 9∶27∶27),T3(Ratio of N,P2O5 and K2O is 9∶18∶18,supplementing microbial fertilizer),T4(Ratio of N,P2O5 and K2O is 9∶27∶27,supplementing microbial fertilizer),T5(microbial fertilizer),CK(no fertilizer,contrast)were used to research the influence on growth,chlorophyll fluorescence,and flavonoid and terpene lactones contents of G.biloba trunk-cutting seedlings(three years old),furthermore,to select the fertilization pattern and cultivation techniques suitable for Ginkgo trunk-cutting forest.【Result】The growth of G.biloba trunk-cutting seedlings were promoted under the five fertilization treatments.In particular,T4 treatment had the greatest effect on the new branch length,new branch number,leaf number and dry mass,which increased by 62.0%,91.1%,50.7%and 61.6%compared with the control,respectively.The treatment of T2 was beneficial to the accumulation of fresh mass per leaf(increased by 24.5%).The value of chlorophyll photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m))and actual photochemical efficiency(F_(v)′/F_(m)′)and photochemical quenching coefficient(PQ)in treatment T4 and T2 were higher than that in other treatments,and illustrated the two fertilization treatment enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency of G.biloba truncated forest.T4 had the highest total flavonoid and total terpene lactone yield per plant,and by 112.6%,and 114.6%higher than the control,respectively.The comprehensive evaluation order of fertilization effect was T4,T2,T3,T5,T1,CK,and the highest comprehensive score was T4.【Conclusion】The combined application of microbial fertilizer is beneficial to the growth and the accumulation of active components of G.biloba.In addition,the formula fertilizer with

关 键 词：银杏 截干林 微生物菌肥 总黄酮和总萜内酯 叶绿素荧光 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S664.3[农业科学—果树学]