16株枣实生优株生物学特性比较及其果实品质评价  

Comparison of biological characteristics of 16 superior jujube seedlings and evaluation of fruit quality

作　　者：申才蕊 林敏娟[1,2,3] 吴翠云[1,2,3] 郝庆 SHEN Cairui;LIN Minjuan;WU Cuiyun;HAO Qing(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Production and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of XPCC,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]塔里木大学塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2023年第2期171-181,共11页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团区域创新引导计划项目(2021BB009);新疆生产建设兵团园艺产业创新人才培养示范基地项目(2019CB001);南疆重点产业支撑计划项目“新疆梨、核桃、枣主要性状遗传资源评价(估)和功能基因挖掘”(2017DB006);新疆红枣产业技术体系专项(XJCYTX-01,XJCYTX-01-01-2022);塔里木大学校长基金创新研究团队项目“鲜食枣种质创新与新品种选育”(TDZKCX202310)。

摘　　要：【目的】综合评价实生优株枣果品质,以筛选出优异枣种质,为后期适于推广的鲜食枣优良新品种的选育提供数据支撑。【方法】对16株枣实生优株的植物学特征、物候期及果实品质性状进行观测,并对其果实内在品质进行主成分分析。【结果】16株枣实生优株的果实脆熟期集中在9月,其果实发育期历时90~119 d,除MX5B1与MX9B4均为早熟优株外,其余优株均为中熟优株;果实感官品质评价结果表明,MX5N3、MX9B4、MX10B5、DNJD5B5、DNJD5B6、DNJD6B4这6株优株果实的口感均较佳;单果质量最大的优株是MX5N3,其单果质量为24.41 g;16株枣实生优株果实中的维生素C含量为1619.61~4427.47 mg/kg,其中,BX5N6的维生素C含量最高;16株枣实生优株果实中的可溶性糖含量为20.36%~31.86%,其中,BD2B2的可溶性糖含量最高,显著高于其余优株的;16株枣实生优株果实中的可滴定酸含量为0.26%~0.58%,其中,BX4B8和MX9B10的可滴定酸含量均较高,均显著高于其余优株的;16株枣实生优株间果实中黄酮含量的差异较大,BX4B8、MX9B10和MX5N3果实中的黄酮含量均较高,均显著高于其余优株的;16株枣实生优株果实中的总酚含量为6.75~18.59 mg/g,其含量排名前3位的优株由高至低依次为DNJD5B6、BX3B5、MX9B10,其总酚含量均显著高于其余优株的。【结论】根据主成分分析结果与果实感官品质评价结果,筛选出了MX5N3、BX4B8、MX9B10、MX10B5这4株果实品质优良的鲜食枣优株,这4株枣实生优株的果实均表现出果皮光滑、肉质细腻、果肉酥脆多汁而味甜的优良品质,此4株优株均有望被选育为优良鲜食枣新品种。【Objective】The quality of jujube fruit of excellent single seedlings was comprehensively evaluated to screen out excellent jujube germplasm,which provided data support for the selection and breeding of excellent new varieties of fresh jujube suitable for promotion in the later stage.【Method】The botanical characteristics,phenological period and fruit quality traits of 16 jujube fruit plants were observed,and the principal component analysis was carried out on the intrinsic quality of the fruits.【Result】The fruit ripening period of 16 jujube excellent plants was concentrated in September,and the fruit development period lasted 90-119 days,except for MX5B1 and MX9B4,which were early maturing excellent plants,the rest of the excellent plants were medium-ripe excellent plants.The results of sensory quality evaluation showed that the taste of MX5N3,MX9B4,MX10B5,DNJD5B5,DNJD5B6 and DNJD6B4 was better.The superior strain with the largest single fruit mass was MX5N3,which had a single fruit mass of 24.41 g.The vitamin C content in the fruits of 16 jujube plants was 1619.61-4427.47 mg/kg,among which BX5N6 had the highest vitamin C content.The soluble sugar content in the fruits of 16 jujube fruit plants was 20.36%-31.86%,among which the soluble sugar content of BD2B2 was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of other excellent plants.The titratable acid content in the fruits of 16 jujube plants was 0.26%-0.58%,Among them,the contents of titratable acid in BX4B8 and MX9B10 are both higher than those in other superior plants.The flavonoid content in the fruits of the 16 jujube plants was quite different,and the flavonoid content in the fruits of BX4B8,MX9B10 and MX5N3 was significantly higher than that of the other excellent plants.The total phenolic content of the fruits of the 16 jujube excellent plants was 6.75-18.59 mg/g,and the top three excellent plants were DNJD5B6,BX3B5 and MX9B10 in descending order,and their total phenolic content was significantly higher than that of other excellent plan

关 键 词：枣 实生后代 果实品质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]