欧洲醋栗在天津3个地区的引种栽培试验  

Introduction and cultivation of Ribes reclinatum L.in three areas of Tianjin

作　　者：陈一鸣 裴毅 李得萍 汪融 王楠 聂江力 CHEN Yiming;PEI Yi;LI Deping;WANG Rong;WANG Nan;NIE Jiangli(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300384

出　　处：《经济林研究》2023年第2期182-193,共12页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：天津市科技计划项目(16PTZSTG00020);天津市津南区国家农业科技园区“一核心三区”专项(20YHXSQ005);甘肃省科技计划项目(22CX8NE193)。

摘　　要：【目的】为提高醋栗资源利用率,筛选出能较为适用于天津地区引种的欧洲醋栗,为欧洲醋栗在天津等华北地区的引种栽培及推广应用提供参考依据。【方法】以引自黑龙江省尚志市的欧洲醋栗植株为试材,于2021年将其引种栽培到天津具有代表性的3个不同地区(即张家窝、大柳滩、河湾镇引种地),观测欧洲醋栗在不同引种地的物候表现、生物量、果实品质和光合特性,并利用方差分析、主成分分析法等分析方法对其生长适应性进行评价。【结果】1)欧洲醋栗在天津地区引种地的萌芽期早于其在种源地的萌芽期,而其落叶期延后于其在种源地的落叶期,且其整个生长周期延长了。除落叶期外,张家窝引种地的物候期比大柳滩的要早3~7 d,而大柳滩引种地的比河湾镇的早5~10 d。2)欧洲醋栗在3个引种地的叶长、叶宽、花数和果数及产量等静态生长指标总体表现,大柳滩引种地的最好;新梢长度和粗度、地径及株高等动态生长指标的最终生长量,大柳滩引种地的也都最高。3)3个引种地中,大柳滩引种地的欧洲醋栗的产量更高,且其果实品质更优,其果实大,色彩艳丽,糖酸比适中,口感酸甜,适合鲜食,且其果实中可溶性蛋白(0.40 mg·g^(-1))、抗坏血酸(682.8μg·g^(-1))、总酚(3.64 mg·g^(-1))和类黄酮(1.86 mg·g^(-1))等营养物质的含量更丰富。4)主成分分析结果表明,3个引种地的欧洲醋栗的综合评价得分由高至低的顺序为:大柳滩引种地>张家窝引种地>河湾镇引种地。5)3个引种地的欧洲醋栗叶片光合速率的整体变化规律较为一致;其光合速率分别于7月和9月达到峰值,其中,大柳滩引种地的欧洲醋栗的光合特性整体表现最好。【结论】欧洲醋栗适合在天津的3个引种地引种栽培,其在大柳滩引种地的综合表现更好,其果实品质更优,经济效益更高,引种效果最理想。【Objective】In order to improve the utilization rate of gooseberry resources,select the regions that are more suitable for the introduction of Ribes reclinatum in Tianjin,and provide the basis for the introduction,cultivation and application of R.reclinatum in Tianjin and other North China regions.【Method】The R.reclinatum plants introduced from Shangzhi city,Heilongjiang province were used as experimental materials.In 2021,they were introduced and cultivated in three representative areas in Tianjin(Zhangjiawo introduction site,Daliutan introduction site,Hewanzhen introduction site).The phenological performance,biomass and fruit quality of R.reclinatum in different introduction areas were measured,and the growth adaptability was evaluated by variance analysis and principal component analysis.【Result】1)The germination stage of R.reclinatum in Tianjin was earlier than that in provenance,and its deciduous stage was later than that in provenance,and the whole growth cycle of R.reclinatum was prolonged.Except for the deciduous period,the phenological period of the introduced site in Zhangjiawo was 3-7 d earlier than that in Daliutan,while the introduced site in Daliutan was 5-10 d earlier than that in Hewan Town.2)The static growth indexes of R.reclinatum,such as leaf length,leaf width,number of flowers and fruits,and yield,were generally the best in the Daliutan introduction site.The final growth of the dynamic growth indexes of new shoot length and thickness,ground diameter and plant height was also the highest in the Daliutan introduction site.3)Among the three introduction sites,the R.reclinatum introduced in Daliutan had a higher yield and better fruit quality,with large fruits,bright color,moderate sugar acid ratio,and sweet and sour taste,which was suitable for fresh eating.The fruit was rich in soluble protein(0.40 mg·g^(-1)),ascorbic acid(682.8μg·g^(-1)),total phenols(3.64 mg·g^(-1)),flavonoids(1.86 mg·g^(-1))and other nutrients.4)The results of principal component analysis showed that the comp

关 键 词：欧洲醋栗 引种试验 果实品质 光合特性 适应性 天津地区 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]