核桃林下间种牡丹栽植密度试验  

The experiment on planting density of intercropping peony under walnut forest

作　　者：刘耀玺 杨霞 刘中现 朱海洋 LIU Yaoxi;YANG Xia;LIU Zhongxian;ZHU Haiyang(Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Forest and Fruit Resources,Luoyang 471002,Henan,China;Henan Forestry Vocational College,Luoyang 47100,Henan,China;State-owned Xinyang Nanwan Forest Farm,Xinyang 464000,Henan,China;Agricultural Technology Service Center of Liudian Town,Ruyang County,Luoyang,471201,Henan,China;Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省林果资源高效利用工程技术研究中心,河南洛阳471002 [2]河南林业职业学院,河南洛阳471002 [3]国有信阳市南湾林场,河南信阳464000 [4]汝阳县刘店镇农业技术服务中心,河南洛阳471201 [5]河南农业大学,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《经济林研究》2023年第2期253-263,共11页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家林业和草原局成果转化项目“‘中嵩1号’核桃中试及高效栽培技术示范”(2013GB24320615)。

摘　　要：【目的】核桃和‘凤丹’牡丹都是重要的木本油料作物,核桃幼树栽植后3~4年才能挂果有收益;‘凤丹’牡丹是小型灌木,且生长周期较短,单独栽培对土地的利用效率不高,因此可以通过核桃林下套种‘凤丹’牡丹的方式来提高土地利用率,以此增加短期产出,本试验为了探究核桃林下间种‘凤丹’的最适栽植密度,进而开展此试验。【方法】以核桃林下2年生‘凤丹’牡丹实生苗为试验材料,比较了其在35种不同栽植密度条件下(每种植密度小区面积为60 m^(2),随机区组),不同栽植密度对牡丹生长量、牡丹结籽量及丹皮产量、牡丹籽千粒质量和丹皮质量、经济效益的影响差异。【结果】:1)随着株行距的增大,‘凤丹’牡丹实生苗植株的生长高度、分枝数量、新梢粗度、根条数量、根条长度、根粗和丹皮酚含量呈逐渐增大的趋势,但结籽量和丹皮单位产量变化趋势相反,当株行距增大到一定限度时,其对各生长指标的影响则又相对减缓;2)在株距大于30 cm,行距不低于40 cm时,即栽植密度为52500株/hm^(2)左右,牡丹的生长量可以达到较高水平;3)栽植密度达到33345株/hm^(2),牡丹结籽量达到最大为2758.5株/hm^(2)。4)当株行距为0.5 m×0.5 m时(40020株/hm^(2)),核桃林下间种牡丹的经济效益最高,此时牡丹籽粒、丹皮产量和质量也相对较高。【结论】核桃林下间种‘凤丹’牡丹适宜的栽植密度为33345~40020株/hm^(2)。此时‘凤丹’牡丹的形态性状、产量指标和经济效益均可达到较高水平。【Objective】Walnuts and the peony‘Fengdan’are both important woody oil crops,and the walnut young trees can only be fruited for 3-4 years after planting;while the peony‘Fengdan’is a small shrub with a short growth cycle,single cultivate the peony‘Fengdan’can not efficiently use the land,so planting the peony‘Fengdan’under walnut forests can improve the land utilization,thus to increase short-term output.This experiment was conducted to explore the optimal planting density of intercropping the peony‘Fengdan’under walnut forests.【Method】Taking the 2-year-old‘Fengdan’seedlings under the walnut forests as the experimental material,making comparison of 35 different planting densities(60 m^(2) per planting density area,randomized block).Trying to find out the effects of different planting densities on peony growth,peony grain yield and danpi yield,peony thousand seed mass,danpi quality and the economic benefits.【Result】1)With the increase of row pitch,the growth height,number of branches,new shoot thickness,root strip’s number,root length,root thickness and paeonol content of the‘Fengdan’seedlings showed a gradual increase trend,but the seed yield and danpi yield were opposite,and when the row pitch increased to a certain limit,its influence on the growth index was relatively slowed down.2)When the plant spacing was greater than 30 cm and the row pitch was not less than 40 cm,namely,the planting density was about 52500 plants/hm^(2),the growth of peony reached a high level;3)When the planting density reached 33345 plants/hm^(2),and the maximum amount of peony seeds reached 2758.5 kg/hm^(2).4)When the row pitch was 0.5m×0.5m(40020 plants/hm^(2)),the economic benefits of the peony planted under the walnut forest were the highest,and the peony seed yield and danpi yield were relatively high.【Conclusion】The suitable planting density of the peony‘Fengdan’under the forest was 33345 plants/hm^(2)-40020 plants/hm^(2).At this time,the morphological traits,yield indexes and econo

关 键 词：牡丹 生长量 籽粒产量与质量 丹皮产量与质量 密度 间作 

分 类 号：S727.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]