衡量对于竞争对手市场封锁效应是否实质性的经济学工具:等效竞争者理论  

An Economic Tool to Measure the Substantiality of Market Foreclosure Effect on Competitors:The Theory of As Efficient Competitor

作　　者：高唤栋 

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2023年第3期32-48,共17页Competition Policy Research

摘　　要：“等效竞争者理论”发源于美国司法判例,随后在欧盟得到发展和完善。近期,欧盟法院在Intel案、Google Android案等针对具有排除效应滥用行为的司法判决中,均不同程度地涉及该理论。此外,欧盟委员会在最新发布的有关滥用行为优先执法指南中,也将该理论确立为:在评估涉及价格且具有排除效应的滥用行为的竞争损害时的必要分析步骤。但该理论能否被延伸适用于非价格且具有排除效应滥用行为的竞争分析中,欧盟学界尚在探讨中。笔者主张:该理论同样适用于非价格且具有排除效应滥用行为的竞争损害分析。同时,不限于理论本身,从更广泛的角度来看,等效竞争者理论代表了一种经典市场价值观:即反垄断法保护的是竞争秩序,而非低效率的竞争者。即使一个具有市场支配地位的企业,也可以正常地介入到激烈竞争中去,只要其行为并不排除另一个具有同等效率的竞争对手。据此,笔者认为,该理论不仅是一种可量化的、操作性强的案件分析工具,亦是一种执法理念,均可在某种程度上完善或补足我国现阶段针对互联网平台经营者的反垄断规制框架。The"As Efficient Competitor Theory"originated from American judicial precedents and was subsequently developed in the European Union.Recently,the Court of Justice of the European Union has involved this theory to varying degrees in the judicial judgments of Intel,Google Android,which concern the abusive conducts having exclusionary effects.At the same time,the latest official document of the European Commission on the enforcement priority guidelines of abusive conducts with exclusionary effects also establishes the theory as a necessary analytical step in the theory of harm analysis of abusive conducts involving prices and having exclusionary effects.However,can this theory be extended to non-price abusive conducts with exclusionary effects?The European academia is still under discussion.In this article,the author argues that this theory is also applicable to the theory of harm analysis of abusive conducts that are non-price and having exclusionary effects.At the same time,not limited to the theory itself,from a broader perspective,the theory of"As Efficient Competitor Theory"represents a classic market view:the Anti-monopoly Law protects the order of competition,not inefficient competitors.Even a company with a dominant position in the market can comfortably intervene in fierce competition,as long as its conduct does not exclude another competitor with the same efficiency.Based on the foregoing,the author believes that whether this theory is a quantifiable and operable analytical tool in specific cases or a law enforcement guiding principle,it can complement the current China’s anti-monopoly regulatory framework for Internet platforms operators.

关 键 词：反垄断法 等效竞争者理论 滥用行为 非价格滥用行为 排除效应滥用行为 竞争损害分析 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学] F113[政治法律—法学]