海洋系统中氮的生物地球化学循环回顾与展望  

Review and Prospects of the Biogeochemical Cycling of Nitrogen in Marine Systems

作　　者：王东升[1,2] 张金川[1,2] 刘飏[1,2] 郎岳 李振[1,2] 仝忠正 牛嘉亮 丁望[3] WANG Dongsheng;ZHANG Jinchuan;LIU Yang;LANG Yue;LI Zhen;TONG Zhongzheng;NIU Jialiang;DING Wang(School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Strategy Evaluation for Shale Gas,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100083,China;Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,Guangzhou 511458,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [2]国土资源部页岩气资源战略评价重点实验室,北京100083 [3]广州海洋地质调查局,广州511458

出　　处：《地球与环境》2023年第4期465-481,共17页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41927801、42102171);2021年度研究生创新资助项目(ZD2021YC036)。

摘　　要：氮(N)是地球上所有生命必不可少的营养物质,对生态环境有着重大而广泛的影响。近几年来,氮循环的研究在地球生物学、地球化学、海洋科学、大气科学和生态健康等领域取得重大进展。在这里,我们回顾了海洋系统中氮循环的重要进展,总结了现代人类对海洋系统氮循环的影响和相应的反馈,并对未来海洋氮循环进行展望。氮同位素(δ^(15)N)是评估氮循环的重要工具,可信的证据表明氧气(O_(2))的波动对氮循环的演化具有显著的促进作用。海洋氮循环显然与生物演化和环境演变密切相关,特别关注了埃迪卡拉-早寒武世、晚奥陶纪-早志留纪和晚二叠纪-早三叠纪三个阶段全球氮循环对生命演化和环境演变的耦合。自从进入人类世以来,人类活动极大的加快活性氮(Nr)的排放以满足农业和工业的需求,同时大量Nr向海洋系统的输入引起一系列具有成因关联的生物地球化学反馈,对环境变化、其他元素循环和人类健康产生了强烈的影响。随着Nr向海洋系统的持续过量输入,过量的Nr排放已被视为全球环境问题之一,一系列关键性问题亟需研究。Nitrogen(N)is an essential nutrient for all life on earth and has a significant and wide impact on the ecological environment.In recent years,the research on the nitrogen cycle has made significant progress in the fields of geobiology,geochemistry,marine science,atmospheric science and ecological health.Here,we review important advances in the nitrogen cycle in the marine system,summarize the impacts of modern humans on the nitrogen cycle in the marine system and corresponding feedbacks,and provide prospects for the future marine nitrogen cycle.Nitrogen isotopes(δ^(15)N)is an important proxy for assessing the nitrogen cycle,and there is credible evidence that fluctuations in oxygen(O_(2))significantly contribute to the evolution of the nitrogen cycle.The marine nitrogen cycle is obviously closely related to biological and environmental evolution,consequently we focus mainly on the coupling of the global nitrogen cycle to the evolution of life and the environment during the Ediacaran-Early Cambrian,the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian,and Late Permian-Early Triassic intervals.Since the Anthropocene,human activities have greatly accelerated the emission of reactive nitrogen(Nr)to meet the needs of agriculture and industry,while the input of a large amount of Nr to the marine system has caused a series of causally related biogeochemical feedbacks,which have a strong impact on environmental changes,other element cycles and human health.With the continuous excessive input of Nr to the marine system in the future,the excess Nr emission has been regarded as one of the global environmental problems,and a series of key issues need to be studied urgently.

关 键 词：氮循环 氮同位素 生命演化 环境演变 氮收支 环境效应 

分 类 号：P736.43[天文地球—海洋地质]