不同氮肥浓度对甜瓜幼苗生长和营养元素积累的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Concentrations on Seedling Growth and Nutrient Accumulation in Melon Seedlings

作　　者：李蒙 万雨 熊婷婷 倪天虹 申君 LI Meng;WAN Yu;XIONG Tingting;NI Tianhong;SHEN Jun(College of Horticulture,Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Genetic Improvement,Xinyang Dabie Mountain,Xinyang,Henan 464000;College of Horticulture,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,Anhui 230036)

机构地区：[1]信阳农林学院园艺学院信阳市大别山区园艺植物遗传改良重点实验室,河南信阳464000 [2]安徽农业大学园艺学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第11期45-52,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：2021年度河南省高等学校重点科研资助项目(21B210009);信阳农林学院高水平科研孵化器建设资助项目(FCL202101);信阳农林学院青年教师科研基金资助项目(2019LG006);信阳农林学院设施作物栽培关键技术及其装备智能化研究科技创新团队资助项目(XNKJTD-011)。

摘　　要：以‘羊角蜜’甜瓜为试材,采用穴盘育苗的方式,将草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩按照1∶1∶1(体积比)混配作为育苗基质,通过在育苗基质中根施不同浓度的氮肥(0、10、20、30、40 mg·株-1),研究其对基质理化性质、微生物数量以及甜瓜幼苗生长和营养元素积累的影响,以期为提高氮肥利用率,培育优质壮苗提供参考依据。结果表明:添加一定浓度的氮肥可以改善基质的理化性质,T2处理下,即氮肥浓度为20 mg·株-1时,基质中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量明显下降,甜瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、根长和叶面积显著增大,与CK相比分别增加47.22%、36.78%、46.86%和33.06%,地上部鲜质量相比CK提高了36.04%;T2处理下甜瓜幼苗叶绿素总量最大,相比于CK提高了35.52%;添加一定浓度的氮肥能显著促进植株体内氮含量的积累,而磷、钾含量基本维持不变。综上,当氮肥浓度为20 mg·株-1时,基质理化性质得到有效改善,甜瓜幼苗长势最佳,可作为甜瓜育苗最佳氮肥添加量。‘Honey-melon'was used as experimental material,seedlings were adopted to the hole disc.Peat∶vermiculite∶perlite was mixed according to 1∶1∶1(volume ratio)as the nursery substrate.The effects of different concentrations of nitrogenous fertilizer(0,10,20,30,40 mg·plant^(-1))on the physicochemical properties,microbial population,growth and nutrient accumulation of melon seedlings were studied,in order to provide reference for improving the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,cultivating high-quality strong seedlings.The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of seeding substrate could be improved by applying a certain concentration of nitrogen fertilizer.Under T2 treatment,in other words,when nitrogen concentration was 20 mg per plant,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the matrix decreased significantly.In contrast to CK,the plant height increased significantly by 47.22%,stem diameter increased by 36.78%,root length increased by 46.86%and leaf area of melon seedlings increased by 33.06%.The fresh weight of overground was 36.04%higher than that of CK.The melon seedlings with the highest chlorophyll content was T2 treatment,which significantly increased by 35.52%in comparison with the CK.Adding a certain concentration of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly promote the accumulation of nitrogen content in plants,while the contents of P and K remained unchanged.In conclusion,when the nitrogen concentration was 20 mg per plant,the physical and chemical properties of the matrix were effectively improved,and the growth of melon seedlings were the best,which could be used as the best nitrogen supplemental level for melon seedings.

关 键 词：甜瓜幼苗 不同氮肥浓度 生长 营养元素 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]