减速机齿轮失效的原因  

Causes of Gear Failure in the Reducer

作　　者：张浩 阮文浩 许建忠 康少博 马航 ZHANG Hao;RUAN Wenhao;XU Jianzhong;KANG Shaobo;MA Hang(Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou,Henan 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州机械研究所有限公司,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《自动化应用》2023年第11期122-125,共4页Automation Application

摘　　要：本文拟采用扫描电镜、光谱仪、金相分析等手段,分析齿轮裂纹形态、化学成分、微观结构等,揭示其失效机理,并提出改善方法。研究发现,断裂齿轮的化学成分符合20 CrMnTi合金的要求。失效齿轮芯部预热处理不当,使其强度未满足规范要求,经渗碳处理后,齿面处的硬度和渗碳深度均满足要求,但因渗碳不均匀,导致侧面处的硬度未满足要求。结果表明,齿面硬度较低,磨损性能较差,导致齿面断裂。断裂源位于断裂中心,含有大量的非金属夹杂物,其硬度高,易切割基体,且承受外力作用时,易发生应力集中,产生断裂。根据以上影响因素,本文采取相应的改善措施,解决齿轮失效的问题。This paper intends to use scanning electron microscopy,spectroscopy,metallographic analysis and other methods to analyze the morphology,chemical composition,microstructure,etc.of gear cracks,reveal their failure mechanisms,and propose improvement methods.Research has found that the chemical composition of the fractured gear meets the requirements of 20 CrMnTi alloy.Improper preheating treatment of the failed gear core resulted in its strength not meeting the specification requirements.After carburization treatment,the hardness and carburization depth at the tooth surface met the requirements,but due to uneven carburization,the hardness at the side did not meet the requirements.The results indicate that the tooth surface has low hardness and poor wear performance,leading to tooth surface fracture.The fracture source is located at the center of the fracture,containing a large amount of non-metallic inclusions with high hardness,easy to cut the matrix,and prone to stress concentration and fracture when subjected to external forces.Based on the above influencing factors,this article takes corresponding improvement measures to solve the problem of gear failure.

关 键 词：减速机 齿轮 失效 

分 类 号：TH132[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]