哲学主要不是一项认知事业  

Philosophy Is not Primarily a Cognitive Enterprise

作　　者：苏德超[1] Su Dechao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院武汉大学欧美宗教文化研究所,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中州学刊》2023年第7期121-129,共9页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金规划项目“相容论与无意志的道德责任研究”(项目号22YJA720008);教育部基础学科拔尖学生培养计划2.0研究项目“面向哲学拔尖学生的课程体系研究”(20211044)。

摘　　要：哲学面临三重窘境,这跟哲学(主要)是认知活动的流行观点关系密切。人活着需要许多凭借,真理只是其中之一。无论活在哪里,最终活在现象世界里。在现象世界的构成中,观念起到了巨大作用。在观念活动的连续体上,求真的重要性并非处处相同。作为一项观念活动,哲学主要不是一项认知事业。在哲学的开端,哲学跟神话与巫术相区别的标志是认知。但近代之后,自然科学纷纷独立,人类观念活动的认知需求对哲学的依赖越来越弱。在今天,哲学已无力也无须担负起认知使命。若坚持哲学的认知导向,将面临二难困境:要么哲学无用无效率,要么其讨论琐碎无意义。哲学的独特性不在认知,而在启发式的意义建构和自由行动,或者说是觉解。Philosophy faces three-fold difficulties,which is closely related to the popular viewpoint that philosophy is(mainly) cognitive activity.Truth is only one of many items that human beings need to live on.No matter where you live,you end up living in the phenomenal world.Ideas or conceptions play a great role in the formation of the phenomenal world.On the continuum of conceptual activities,the importance of seeking truth is not the same.Philosophy,as a conceptual activity,is not mainly a cognitive enterprise.At the beginning of philosophy,the distinguishing mark between philosophy and myth and witchcraft is cognition.However,after modern times,natural sciences have become independent one after another,and the cognitive needs of human conceptual activities have become less and less dependent on philosophy.Today,philosophy is powerless and unnecessary to undertake the cognitive mission.If we stick to the cognitive orientation of philosophy,we will face a dilemma:either philosophy is useless and inefficient,or its discussion is trivial and meaningless.The uniqueness of philosophy doesn't consist in cognition,but in heuristic meaning-building and free action,or awareness.

关 键 词：哲学作为认知 启发 意义建构 自由 觉解 

分 类 号：B014[哲学宗教—哲学理论]