一个大麦黄化突变体的突变机理及其遗传机制研究  

Research on Mutagenic Mechanism and Genetic Mechanism of a Yellowing Mutant in Barley

作　　者：白道宽 郭宝健[1] 洪益 张萌娜 朱娟 吕超[1] 王菲菲 许如根[1] BAI Daokuan;GUO Baojian;HONG Yi;ZHANG Mengna;ZHU Juan;LYU Chao;WANG Feifei;XU Rugen(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding,Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Agricultural College of Yangzhou University,Jiangsu Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院,江苏省作物基因组学和分子育种重点实验室,植物功能基因组学教育部重点实验室,江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2023年第5期34-45,共12页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301302,2022YFD2301300);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系专项(CARS-05);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目;2022年农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2022-ZYXT-04-2)。

摘　　要：为探究温度对大麦黄化突变体表型及光合特性的影响,以二棱啤用大麦品种‘扬农啤5号’及其经甲磺酸乙酯(ethylmethanesulfonate,EMS)诱变筛选到的黄化突变体G039为材料,测定分析田间自然条件和室内不同温度条件下突变体和野生型的叶色、植株主要性状、光合特性、组织结构及光合相关基因的表达;同时利用突变体与野生型及‘扬农啤7号’的杂种F1和F2群体,对突变基因进行遗传分析。结果表明,在自然低温条件下,G039苗期叶色呈现黄色,叶绿素a与叶绿素b含量较‘扬农啤5号’极显著降低;随着气温回升,叶色逐渐转绿,G039灌浆期叶绿素a与‘扬农啤5号’无差异,叶绿素b存在显著差异。G039的株高、穗长、穗下节间长、分蘖数与每穗粒数极显著低于‘扬农啤5号’,粒长、粒宽与千粒重极显著高于‘扬农啤5号’。不同温度处理下,突变体G039叶色受生长温度影响显著,低温造成G039叶绿体数目减少,基粒片层疏松;在10~20℃之间,温度越低,黄化越严重,SPAD值与叶绿素含量越低,净光合速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度及水分利用率与‘扬农啤5号’的差异越大,大麦光合作用的最适温度在20℃左右。G039表型受1对隐性核基因控制。qRT-PCR结果显示,在不同温度下叶绿素合成、叶绿体发育及光系统建成等相关基因的表达在野生型与突变体G039间均存在极显著差异。以上结果为解析G039叶色突变机理和分子调控机制奠定基础。In order to study the effect of temperature on phenotype and photosynthetic characteristics of yellowing mutant in barley,the wild-type‘Yangnongpi 5’and yellowing mutant G039 obtained by ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)on two-rowed malting barley‘Yangnongpi 5’were used as the test materials in this study.The leaf color,plant main traits,photosynthetic characteristics,chloroplast ultra-structure and photosynthetic related gene expression of mutant and wild type were measured and analyzed under natural field conditions and different indoor temperature.At the same time,the genetic analysis of the mutant gene was carried out by F1 and F2 populations that was constructed by crossing the mutant with wild type and‘Yangnongpi 7’.The results showed that the leaf color of G039 was yellow at seedling stage under natural low temperature,the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were significantly lower than‘Yangnongpi 5’.With the temperature rising,the leaf color gradually turned green.There was no differences in chlorophyll a between G039 and‘Yangnongpi 5’,but there was still significant differences in chlorophyll b.The plant height,internode length below the spike,number of tillers,panicle length and grains per panicle of G039 were significantly lower than‘Yangnongpi 5’,while the grain length,grain width and 1000-grain weight of G039 were significantly higher than‘Yangnongpi 5’.Under different temperature treatment,G039 was significantly affected by growth temperature.G039 exhibited a less number of chloroplasts and more loose grana lamella at low temperature.Between 10~20℃,the colder the temperature was,the more serious the etiolation was,the lower the SPAD value and chlorophyll content were,and the net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO_(2) concentration and water utilization rate of G039 were significantly different from those of‘Yangnongpi 5’.The optimal temperature for photosynthesis of barley was around 20°C.Genetic analysis demonstrated that the yellowing trait of G039 was contr

关 键 词：大麦 突变体 温度 光合特性 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]