还数于民:实现个人数据自决的“新”数据中介  

Returning Personal Data to the People:“Emerging”Data Intermediaries for Realizing Self-Determination of Personal Data

作　　者：丁凤玲 彭建 DING Feng-ling;PENG Jian(Fuzhou university)

机构地区：[1]福州大学法学院

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期74-84,共11页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：福建省社会科学基金青年项目“多元化数据流通中介的法律治理机制研究”(FJ2022C063)。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》确立的以“知情同意”原则为核心的个人数据权利因种种原因难以真正实现。实践中,一种以技术或集体组织之力量协助个人实现其数据权利、克服“赋权”失灵的数据中介正在世界各地兴起。其中,个人数据空间、数据银行等辅助性数据中介借助技术力量实现个人数据可携带,能够打破数据垄断;以数据信托与数据合作社为代表的管理性数据中介依靠集体组织实现个人数据权利,有助于推动数据治理的形成。上述数据中介有望成为我国个人数据治理的有效补充。就我国引进数据中介而言,辅助性数据中介可以界定为平台经营者;数据信托可借鉴《中华人民共和国信托法》来实现;数据合作社可依据《中华人民共和国民法典》创设为特殊的社会团体法人;数据工会暂时没有存在的制度土壤。The Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China establishes a personal data rights protection system with the core principle of“informed consent”,but it has difficulties to realize personal data rights.In practice,a type of data intermediary is emerging around the world to help individuals exercise their personal data rights with the power of technology or collective organizations to overcome the failure of“empowerment”.Among them,auxiliary data intermediaries such as personal data spaces(PDSs)and data banks can break data monopolies by realizing the right to data portability through the power of technology,while managed data intermediaries represented by data trusts and data cooperatives can help promote the formation of data governance by relying on collective organizations to realize personal data rights.The data intermediaries mentioned above can be an effective complement to personal data governance in China.As for the introduction of data intermediaries in China,auxiliary data intermediaries can be defined as platform operators;data trusts can be realized by expanding the interpretation of the Trust Law of the People’s Republic of China;data cooperatives can be created as special social group legal persons according to the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China;and data labor unions do not have the institutional ground for their existence in Chinese law for the time being.

关 键 词：数据中介 个人数据空间 数据银行 数据信托 数据合作社 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]