增塑与非增塑体系在熔融法制PAN基碳纤维原丝中的应用  

Application of plasticized and non-plasticized systems in preparation of polyacrylonitrile precursor for carbon fiber by melt spinning method

作　　者：马雷 沈志刚 肖士洁 MA Lei;SHEN Zhigang;XIAO Shijie(SINOPEC Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201424)

机构地区：[1]中石化上海石油化工研究院有限公司,上海201424

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2023年第3期66-69,共4页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

摘　　要：综述了增塑与非增塑体系在熔融法制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维原丝中的应用技术进展。两种体系分别通过物理和化学隔离减小氰基间的相互作用,实现熔融纺丝。增塑体系中小分子增塑剂脱除过程容易造成孔洞缺陷,影响纤维性能;离子增塑剂使用量大,需要萃取环节,成本优势不明显。非增塑体系制备的原丝结构致密,但共聚组分及其他助剂含量高,预氧化过程中不能成环,最终碳纤维的性能也较低。基于以上原因,两种体系均未取得工业化应用。为实现熔融法制备高性能PAN原丝,建议对于增塑体系开发更高效的增塑剂,减少使用量,控制成形缺陷,增加干燥致密化环节,进一步消除结构缺陷;对于非增塑体系开发能参与成环反应的新型共聚组分,并采用高能电子辐照来进行预稳定化过程。The technological progress of plasticized and non-plasticized systems in the preparation of polyacrylonitrile(PAN) precursor for carbon fiber by melt method were reviewed.Two kinds of systems are used to reduce the interaction between cyanide groups through physical and chemical isolation in order to realize melt spinning.The removal process of small molecule plasticizers in plasticizer system can easily cause pore defects and impact fiber properties.Ionic plasticizers used in large quantities require extraction processes,resulting in less significant cost advantages.The precursor prepared with non-plasticized system has a dense structure,but the high content of copolymerization components and other additives cause inability to form a ring during the pre-oxidation process,resulting in poor properties of carbon fibers.Based on the above reasons,neither system has achieved industrial application.To achieve the preparation of high-performance PAN precursor by melting method,it was suggested to develop more efficient plasticizers for plasticizer system for the purpose of dosage and depressing structural defects and to increase drying and densification processes to further eliminate structural defects,and to develop new copolymerization components for non-plasticized system that can participate in cyclization reaction and be pre-stabilized by high-energy electron irradiation.

关 键 词：聚丙烯腈纤维 碳纤维 熔融纺丝 增塑体系 非增塑体系 

分 类 号：TQ342.31[化学工程—化纤工业]