婚姻策略视角下城市白领青年的择偶观念研究——以Y相亲角为例  

The Mate Selection Ideas of Urban White-collar Youths from the Perspective of Marriage Strategy Theory—Taking X Matchmaking Corner as an example

作　　者：班涛 徐睿可 BAN Tao;XU Ruike(School of Sociology and Politics,Anhui University,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学社会与政治学院,合肥230000

出　　处：《四川轻化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期13-24,共12页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(22CRK009)。

摘　　要：近年来,以城市公园相亲角为表征的城市白领青年的择偶问题引发了广泛的社会关注。以往针对白领青年的研究多集中于其阶层认同与生活方式,较少讨论其婚姻、家庭方面的群体特征。通过对H市X公园Y相亲角的实地研究发现,城市白领青年呈现出三种不同的择偶类型,即“强感觉—弱匹配”型、“弱感觉—强匹配”型以及“强感觉—强匹配”型。研究结果发现,城市白领青年的择偶偏好集中于“强感觉—强匹配”型,并从中产生了新的集体婚配策略,可被概述为“理性化爱情”与“精细化亲密”,即将社会理性与个人感性结合到一个“共同体”中,追求特定时间与状态下的“完美配偶”。这一婚姻策略与白领青年群体所处的关系场域和所具有的习性特征密切相关。计划生育背景下“4+2+1”家庭倒三角中的塔尖位置是其生活的主要场域结构,产生了较重的代际期望与同辈压力;家庭现代化思想的浸染又为其择偶观念增添了一定的开放性与独立性。白领青年在矛盾的场域结构中产生了复杂的习性,形成相应的婚姻策略并应用于婚恋实践之中。研究表明,城市白领青年的婚姻策略将带来深刻社会影响,重构新的群体场域。一方面,婚姻缔结难度提升,家庭组建时间推迟,影响城市社会人口再生产进程;另一方面,个体化程度加剧,个体化趋势将会进一步侵入到家庭这一最小社会基本单位中,反作用于家庭现代化进程。基于上述结论,文章提出相应对策:其一,政府应为其提供开放的、定期的交友空间与平台;其二,应鼓励婚恋文化的包容性与开明性、婚恋观念的多元性与异质性;其三,应降低城市青年的婚恋成本,如减轻住房、就业、子女教育的相应负担,为其能够自主自由择偶提供良好的政策环境。In recent years,the issue of mate selection among urban white-collar youths,represented by matchmaking corner in urban parks,has attracted widespread social attention.Previous researches on white-collar youths have focused more on their class identity and lifestyle,but less discussion on their group characteristics of marriage and family.Through the research on the matchmaking corner of X Park in H City,it is found out the urban white-collar youths show different types of choice on mates,which can be classified into“strong feeling-weak matching”type,“weak feeling-strong matching”type and“strong feeling-strong matching”type.The third type is the dominant one.The young people of this type present a collective marriage strategy.It can be summarized as“rational love”and“refined intimacy”.They combine social rationality and personal sensibility into a"common entity"to pursue a"perfect spouse"at a specific time and state.This collective strategy is related to the field and internal rule of white-collar young people.In the background of one-child policy,their position as the top of the inverted triangle of“4+2+1”family will burden them with heavy intergenerational expectations and peer pressures.The early exposure to the idea of family modernization also provides them with a possibility of openness and independence.Researches have shown that this marriage strategy will have a profound impact.First,marriage will be more difficult to realize and family formation will be delayed,which affect the urban population.Furthermore,the degree of individualization is increased,which will intrude into the smallest family and counteract the process of family modernization.Based on the above conclusions,measures are proposed.Firstly,the government should provide open social networking spaces for them.Secondly,we should encourage the inclusiveness and openness of marriage and love culture.Thirdly,the cost of marriage and love for urban youths should be reduced in order to provide a good policy environment for th

关 键 词：相亲角 白领青年 婚姻策略 婚姻市场 择偶观念 婚姻观念 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理] C913.1[社会学]