人工智能的司法裁判运用:价值、困境与对策  

The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Adjudication:Values,Dilemmas and Countermeasures

作　　者：李庆森 蒋人文[1] LI Qingsen;JIANG Renwen(School of Law,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541006,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学法学院,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《四川轻化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期25-36,共12页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19CFX053)。

摘　　要：随着人工智能技术不断赋能司法裁判领域,司法人工智能提升司法审判效率,缓解“案多人少”矛盾,提高司法裁判质量,实现同案同判目标,规范司法办案流程,减少司法腐败发生的优势逐步显现。但在正视司法人工智能优势的同时也应理性看待其发展现状,要清醒地认识到当前司法人工智能的运用前景仍具有诸多不确定因素,存在着司法数据数量不足、质量不高的数据垄断问题以及司法人工智能算法黑箱的技术难题,面临着与司法公正理念背道而驰的算法歧视问题以及司法人工智能有限理性的价值挑战,遭遇着法官因自由裁量空间受侵蚀、司法责任分配有争议而主体性地位受到挑战以及当事人隐私权、知情权与获得技术支持权难以保障的法治困境,亟待解决。为实现司法人工智能未来的良性发展,首先应当从人工智能“辅助”人类的基本立场出发,厘清司法人工智能适用于简单案件及程序性事项的辅助界限,强调法官司法责任的主体地位,督促法官积极履职并避免司法责任制被架空;其次应完善对人工智能技术的规制,以数据和算法为抓手双管齐下,既要通过增加司法数据数量、丰富司法数据形式、提高司法数据质量、构建司法数据共享平台来实现司法数据质高量足共享的目标,又要保障算法透明度、提高算法精确度、建立算法审查制度以解决算法黑箱以及算法歧视问题;复次应保障当事人的隐私权、知情权以及获得技术支持的权利;最后还应借鉴国外经验并立足我国实际情况,加强对“法律+人工智能”复合型人才的培养力度,为司法人工智能的长远发展打造人才储备军,从而实现人工智能技术与司法裁判的深度融合,进而构建起我国人工智能在司法裁判领域的新格局。As artificial intelligence technology continues to empower the field of judicial adjudication,the advantages of judicial artificial intelligence to improve the efficiency of judicial adjudication,alleviate the contradiction of"few cases",improve the quality of judicial adjudication,achieve the goal of the same case and the same judgment,standardize the judicial case-handling process,and reduce the occurrence of judicial corruption have gradually emerged.However,at the same time,there are still many uncertainties in the application prospects of judicial artificial intelligence,including data monopoly problems and technical problems of algorithm black box,the value challenge of algorithm discrimination and limited rationality,and the rule of law dilemmas where judges'subjectivity status is challenged and parties'privacy rights,right to know and technical support are difficult to guarantee.In order to achieve the benign development of judicial artificial intelligence in the future,firstly,we should first start from the basic position of artificial intelligence"assisting"human beings,clarify the boundaries of judicial artificial intelligence assistance,and emphasize the main position of judges'judicial responsibility.Secondly,the regulation of artificial intelligence technology should be improved,not only by increasing the quantity of judicial data,enriching the forms of judicial data,improving the quality of judicial data,and building a judicial data sharing platform to achieve the goal of sharing judicial data with high quality and sufficient quantity,but also to ensure the transparency of algorithms,improve the accuracy of algorithms,and establish an algorithm review system to solve the problems of algorithm black box and algorithm discrimination.The parties'right of privacy,the right to know and the right of technical support shall be guaranteed;Finally,we should strengthen the cultivation of compound talents and build a talent reserve army for the long-term development of judicial artificial intelligence,so as t

关 键 词：人工智能 司法裁判 司法数据 算法黑箱 司法公正 人权保障 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]