乙矮合剂对粒用高粱根系建构和产量的影响  

Effect of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium on root morphological structure and grain yield in sorghum

作　　者：房孟颖 任粱 卢霖[1] 董学瑞 武志海[2] 闫鹏 董志强[1] FANG Meng-Ying;REN Liang;LU Lin;DONG Xue-Rui;WU Zhi-Hai;YAN Peng;DONG Zhi-Qiang(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]吉林农业大学,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第9期2528-2538,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000801,2019YFD1001703)资助。

摘　　要：塑造良好的根系结构是发挥高粱高产潜力,提高粒用高粱产量亟待解决的关键问题。为研究乙矮合剂(ECK)对高粱根系形态建构和产量的调控效用及其作用机制,2020-2021年设置田间试验,以中高秆型高粱品种辽杂19(Liaoza 19, LZ19)和矮秆型品种辽杂37 (Liaoza 37, LZ37)为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,设置高粱五叶期叶面喷施0.75 L hm^(–2)的ECK处理,对照喷施等量清水(CK)。结果表明,高粱根系干重从开花期后呈逐渐下降趋势,乙矮合剂(ECK)显著增加LZ19和LZ37灌浆期和成熟期根系干重,根系干重分别较CK增加11.4%和19.7%、10.6%和9.9%。在灌浆期,ECK提高LZ19在灌浆期的细根和中根(根系直径<4mm)根长和根表面积以及LZ37不同直径下的根长、根表面积和根体积;在成熟期, ECK提高LZ19的根长、根表面积、根体积和根系平均直径以及LZ37的根长、根表面积和根体积,并且2个品种的上述根系形态指标中粗根(根直径≥4mm)的增幅最大。相比CK,ECK处理下2020年和2021年LZ19增产3.3%和13.4%;LZ37增产11.4%和9.8%。综上, ECK处理促进了高粱根系发育、延缓了根系衰老并显著提高了高粱单产,可作为夏播区粒用高粱促根增产的重要栽培措施。Shaping good root structure is the key problem to play the high yield potential of sorghum and increase the yield of grain sorghum.To investigate the effect of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium(ECK)on sorghum root morphology and yield,field trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 using the medium to tall sorghum variety Liaoza 19(LZ19)and the dwarf variety Liaoza 37(LZ37).A randomized zonal experimental design was used to set up the ECK treatment with a foliar spray of 0.75 L hm^(-2) at the five-leaf stage of sorghum and a control spray with an equal amount of clean water(CK).The results showed that compared with CK,sorghum root dry weight showed a gradual decrease from the flowering stage.ECK significantly increased root dry weight of LZ19 and LZ37 at filling and maturity stages by 11.4%and 19.7%,10.6%and 9.9%,respectively.ECK increased root length and root surface area of fine and medium roots(root system diameter<4 mm)of LZ19 and root length,root surface area,and root volume of LZ37 at different diameters at grain filling stage.At maturity stage,ECK increased root length,root surface area,root volume,and root mean diameter of LZ19 and that of LZ37,and the increase of system morphological indexes was the largest in the two varieties.ECK treatment increased the yield of LZ19 by 3.3%and 13.4%,and LZ37 by 11.4%and 9.8%in 2020 and 2021,respectively,compared with CK.In conclusion,ECK treatment promoted sorghum root development and significantly increased sorghum yields,which can be used as an important cultivation measure for sorghum root promotion and yield increase in summer sown areas.

关 键 词：高粱 乙矮合剂 根系 产量 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]