土壤微生物对长雄野生稻及其化感潜力后代抑草作用的影响  

Effects of soil microbes on rice allelopathy and its mechanism of wild rice(Oryza longistaminata)and its descendants

作　　者：徐高峰[1,2] 申时才 张付斗[1,2] 杨韶松 金桂梅[1,2] 郑凤萍 温丽娜[1,2] 张云 吴冉迪[1,4] XU Gao-Feng;SHEN Shi-Cai;ZHANG Fu-Dou;YANG Shao-Song;JIN Gui-Mei;ZHENG Feng-Ping;WEN Li-Na;ZHANG Yun;WU Ran-Di(Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Research,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Lancang-Mekong Agricultural Bio-Security International Science and Technology Cooperation Joint Research Center,Kunming 650205,Yunnan,China;Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,Yunnan,China;College of Agronomy and Life Sciences,Kunming University,Kunming 650205,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]共建澜湄农业生物安全联合研究中心,云南昆明650205 [3]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [4]昆明学院农学与生命科学学院,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第9期2562-2571,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960544,31860511);云南省技术创新人才项目(202105AD160021);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600400);云南省重大专项项目(202102AE090003)资助。

摘　　要：明确土壤微生物对化感作物田间抑草作用的影响及其机制,对农田杂草绿色防控具有重要意义。长雄野生稻(Oryza longistaminata)是培育化感水稻的优良抗原,然而目前尚不清楚土壤微生物对该野生稻及其后代化感抑草作用的影响。本试验以非化感亚洲栽培稻(RD23)作为参照,通过温室盆栽试验对比研究了土壤微生物对长雄野生稻及其中化感潜力后代(RL169)的抑草效应,并分析了与其共培稗草的根际土壤微生物群落结构特征和对稗草养分吸收与利用的影响。结果表明:1)土壤微生物显著增强了长雄野生稻及其化感后代(RL169)的抑草效应(P<0.05),而对非化感亚洲栽培稻(RD23)则无明显影响;方差分析表明,土壤微生物、根系分泌物和不同化感潜力水稻互作(土壤微生物×根系分泌物×不同化感潜力水稻)对稗草的株高、根长和生物量具有显著影响(P<0.05)。2)长雄野生稻及其化感后代(RL169)改变了稗草根际土壤微生物的群落结构,降低了稗草根际土壤细菌的多样性水平和丰富度,与其共培稗草的根际细菌在科、属和种水平的数量显著低于非化感亚洲栽培稻(RD23)处理组(P<0.05)。3)长雄野生稻及其化感后代(RL169)显著降低了共培稗草对N、P和K营养元素的吸收与利用,且在土壤微生物作用下,长雄野生稻处理组稗草对N和P的吸收和中化感潜力水稻(RL169)处理组稗草对N的吸收显著降低;方差分析也显示,土壤微生物和不同化感潜力水稻极显著或显著影响稗草对N元素(P<0.01)或K元素(P<0.05)的吸收,但对P元素的吸收却无显著影响;另外,稗草养分的利用仅受到不同化感潜力水稻的显著影响(P<0.05)。综上所述,长雄野生稻及其化感后代(RL169)改变了稗草根际土壤细菌的群落结构,降低了其对营养元素N、P和K的吸收和利用,其化感抑草效应在土壤微生物的作用下被显著提高。本研究结果对进一步认清土壤�Soil microbes may affect weed inhibitory effects of allelopathic crops that it is great significant to understand their causes and mechanisms for green ecological management of weeds in paddy fields.Oryza longistaminata(OL),a wild rice with strong allelopathic potential,is excellent cultivars for breeding allelopathic rice.However,the effect of soil microbes on allelopathy of this wild rice and its descendants is still unclear.In this study,the allelopathic effects of two allelopathic rice genotypes(OL and its descendant-RL169)and non-allelopathic Asian cultivated rice cultivar(RD23)affected by soil microbes on barnyardgrass were studied,and characteristics of rhizosphere soil microbes,and absorption and utilization of nutrients of barnyardgrass were analyzed.The results showed that:1)Soil microbes significantly increased weed suppression of wild rice(OL)and its descendants(RL169)(P<0.05)and had no significant effect on RD23.Multivariate analysis of variance showed that plant height,root length and biomass of barnyardgrass were significantly increased with interaction of soil microbes,root exudates and different allelopathic rice genotypes(P<0.05).2)Wild rice(OL)and its descendants(RL169)changed soil microbe community structure,reduced diversity and richness of bacteria in barnyardgrass rhizosphere soils,which the number of bacteria was significantly lower than that of RD23 at the family,genus and species levels(P<0.05).3)Soil microbes significantly reduced absorption and utilization of N,P and K of barnyardgrass which co-cultured with wild rice and its descendants(RL169).In the presence of soil microbes,the absorption of N and P of barnyardgrass which co-cultured with wild rice(OL)and the absorption of N of barnyardgrass which co-cultured with rice genotypes(RL169)were significantly reduced.Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that soil microbes and allelopathic rice genotypes significantly affected N(P<0.01)or K(P<0.05)absorption of barnyardgrass and had no significant effect on P absorption;but nutrient

关 键 词：水稻化感作用 根际土壤 土壤微生物多样性 化感抑草效应 养分的吸收与利用 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S511.9[农业科学—农业基础科学]