激光粉床增材制造不锈钢中氧化物夹杂调控的研究进展  

Research status on control of oxide inclusions in stainless steels during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

作　　者：刘伟[1] 刘成松[1] 丁小明 张华[1] 倪红卫[1] LIU Wei;LIU Chengsong;DING Xiaoming;ZHANG Hua;NI Hongwei(The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,Hubei,China;Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学省部共建耐火材料与冶金国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430081 [2]中国航发北京航空材料研究院,北京100095

出　　处：《钢铁研究学报》2023年第5期489-503,共15页Journal of Iron and Steel Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52074198)。

摘　　要：激光粉床增材制造技术是一个涉及熔池移动、快速非平衡凝固、固态相变的复杂冶金过程,该过程的非均匀快速热-力耦合易导致金属制件出现翘曲变形、裂纹及孔洞、夹杂物、晶粒异常形核与长大等缺陷,这些缺陷会对金属制件的尺寸精度、致密度及力学性能等产生不利影响。激光粉床增材制造金属制件中非金属氧化物夹杂大多为内生夹杂物,产生于金属液脱氧以及极速熔化和凝固过程中的二次氧化,其种类、尺寸、形貌以及分布等物化特性直接影响或决定了金属产品的质量与性能,也是导致金属中产生各类缺陷的重要原因之一。分析了不锈钢材料激光粉床增材制造及后续热处理过程金属中氧化物夹杂的形成和演化及其对金属零件性能的影响性,并对不锈钢金属制件中氧化物夹杂特性的调控研究进展进行了总结,为激光粉床增材制造企业生产工艺优化提供了科学指导和理论依据。Laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)technology is a complex metallurgy process involving mobile melting pool,rapid nonequilibrium solidification,and solid-state phase transformation.The non-uniform rapid thermalmechanical coupling in L-PBF is apt to cause warps,internal cracks,pores,non-metallic inclusions and abnormal growth of grains in metal parts,etc,which have adverse effects on the dimensional precision,densities and mechanical properties of the printing metal parts.Generally,non-metallic inclusions in the metal components produced by L-PBF are endogenous inclusions which usually form during deoxidation,rapid melting and solidification of molten metal pool.The characteristics of inclusions including type,size,morphology and distribution directly affect or determine the quality and performance of metal products by leading to various defects.The generation and evolution mechanism of oxide inclusions in stainless stels during L-PBF and heat treatment processes and their influence on the properties of steel components were analyzed.The development of control of oxide inclusion characteristics in stainless steel parts was summarized,which could provide scientific guidance and theoretical foundation for the optimization of L-PBF processes in enterprises.

关 键 词：激光粉床熔融技术 增材制造 不锈钢 氧化物夹杂 热处理 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG15[金属学及工艺—热处理]