钢铁尘泥脱锌工艺的研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospect of dezincing process of iron and steel dust and mud

作　　者：张玉柱 寇鑫林 田铁磊 龙跃 靳鑫玉 杨佳毅 ZHANG Yuzhu;KOU Xinlin;TIAN Tielei;LONG Yue;JIN Xinyu;YANG Jiayi(College of Metallurgy and Energy,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,Hebei,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgical Technology,Tangshan 063009,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学冶金与能源学院,河北唐山063210 [2]河北省现代冶金技术重点实验室,河北唐山063009

出　　处：《钢铁》2023年第6期1-11,共11页Iron and Steel

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金资助项目(U20A20271);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2020209184);河北省教育厅资助项目(ZD2021084)。

摘　　要：随着环境污染加剧和锌资源短缺,钢铁行业对尘泥的处理日益重视,为了高效利用资源并降低环境污染,研究者们开发了多种从钢铁尘泥中回收锌金属的工艺。探索了钢铁尘泥的来源和化学成分,阐述了物理法、湿法、火法、微波法、氯化法、等离子法的工艺流程及特点,并从还原效率、能耗等多方面分析了它们的优点和不足之处,结果表明,物理法操作简单,适合于火法与湿法脱锌工艺的预处理;湿法工艺选择性浸出能力强,但溶剂对设备腐蚀严重、后续除杂也比较困难;火法工艺应用广泛,能耗和污染问题是其主要限制因素。作为新兴工艺的微波法、氯化法、等离子法,虽然相较于传统工艺脱锌性能优越,但在实际应用中,同样存在一些问题需要进一步完善。最后,为了响应“碳达峰、碳中和”的政策,根据氢冶金工艺优良的环保性能,与成熟稳定的转底炉工艺相结合,提出了碳氢耦合还原脱锌工艺,此工艺能有效减少钢铁行业二氧化碳的排放,降低能源损耗,提高转底炉工艺金属化率。希望上述工作能为钢铁尘泥脱锌工艺的发展提供有价值的参考。With the aggravation of environmental pollution and the shortage of zinc resources,the iron and steel industry pays more and more attention to the treatment of dust and mud.In order to efficiently utilize resources and reduce environmental pollution,researchers have developed a variety of processes to recover zinc metal from iron and steel dust and mud.The source and chemical composition of iron and steel dust and mud are explored,the process flow and characteristics of physical method,wet method,fire method,microwave method,chloride method and plasma method are described,and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed from the reduction efficiency,energy consumption and other aspects.The results show that the physical method is simple and suitable for the pretreatment of fire and wet dezinc process.The selective leaching ability of wet process is strong,but the solvent corrodes the equipment seriously and it is difficult to remove impurities later.Pyrotechnics are widely used,but energy consumption and pollution are the main limiting factors.Microwave,chloride and plasma methods,as emerging technologies,have superior dezincing performance compared with traditional processes,but there are also some problems in practical application that need to be further improved.Finally,in order to respond to the policy of"carbon peak,carbon neutral",this paper proposes the hydrocarbon-coupled reduction dezinc process according to the excellent environmental performance of the hydrogen metallurgy process and the mature and stable rotary hearth furnace process,which can effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the steel industry,reduce energy consumption,and improve the metallization rate of rotary hearth furnace process.It is hoped that the above work can provide valuable reference for the development of the process of removing zinc from iron and steel dust and mud.

关 键 词：钢铁尘泥 还原效率 脱锌工艺 碳中和 碳氢耦合 

分 类 号：X757[环境科学与工程—环境工程]