饲粮蛋白水平对牦牛生长性能及瘤胃真菌菌群结构的影响  

Effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance and ruminal fungal community structure of yaks

作　　者：张晓玲 徐田伟[1] 张骞 赵娜[1] 胡林勇[1] 刘宏金[1] 王循刚 徐世晓[1] ZHANG Xiao-ling;XU Tian-wei;ZHANG Qian;ZHAO Na;HU Lin-yong;LIU Hong-jin;WANG Xun-gang;XU Shi-xiao

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第11期12-15,共4页Feed Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(项目编号:2021YFD1600200);青海省自然科学基金项目(项目编号:2019-ZJ-974Q);国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(项目编号:U21A20250)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对牦牛生长性能及瘤胃真菌菌群结构的影响。选取健康、平均体重为(107.54±4.72) kg的2岁母牦牛24头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛。L组、ML组、MH组、H组牦牛饲喂代谢能相近,蛋白水平分别为9.64%、11.25%、12.48%、13.87%的饲粮。预试期15 d,正式试验期135 d。结果显示,MH组和H组牦牛的末重和平均日增重均显著高于L组和ML组(P<0.05)。牦牛瘤胃真菌菌群丰富度随饲粮蛋白水平升高而升高。牦牛瘤胃真菌优势菌门为新美鞭菌门、担子菌门和子囊菌门,且子囊菌门的相对丰度随蛋白水平的升高明显提高,优势菌属为维希尼克氏酵母属和枝梗鞭毛菌属。研究表明,饲粮蛋白水平为12.48%时更有助于提高牦牛生长性能,改善牦牛瘤胃真菌菌群的丰富度,调节瘤胃微生物区系。The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance and ruminal fungal flora structure of yaks.A total of 24 healthy two-year-old female yaks with an average body weight of(107.54±4.72)kg were randomly divided into four groups,with six replicates in each group and one yak in each replicate.Yaks in group L,group ML,group MH and group H were fed with were fed diets with similar ME and protein levels of 9.64%,11.25%,12.48%and 13.87%,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 15 d and the formal test period lasted for 135 d.The results showed that the final weight and average daily gain of yaks in group MH and group H were significantly higher than those in group L and group ML(P<0.05).The higher protein level diets could increase the fungal richness.The dominant phyla of ruminal fungi in yak were Neocallimastigomycota,Basidiomycota and Ascomycota,and the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased obviously with the increase of dietary protein level.The dominant genera were Vishniacozyma and Cyllamyces.The experiment indicates that dietary CP level of 12.48%is more helpful to improve the growth performance of yaks,improve the richness of rumen fungal flora and regulate rumen microflora.

关 键 词：牦牛 蛋白水平 生长性能 瘤胃 菌群多样性 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]