英雄烈士人格利益的刑法保护之维——以《刑法》第二百九十九条之一的解释论为视角  

The Dimension of Criminal Judicial Protection of the Personality Interests of Heroes and Martyrs:Centered on the Interpretive Theory of Article 299 I of the Criminal Code

作　　者：董巍 班耿齐 Dong Wei;Ban Gengqi

机构地区：[1]天津市南开区人民法院,天津300190

出　　处：《南海法学》2023年第3期46-61,共16页The South China Sea Law Journal

摘　　要：《刑法》第二百九十九条之一侵害英雄烈士名誉、荣誉罪保护的法益是包含公众情感、社会主义核心价值观等在内的社会公共利益。我国对英雄烈士的界定没有国籍限制,不区分有名或无名,且不以获得明确带有“英雄”“烈士”字样的荣誉称号为必要,但在世的“英雄模范”不属于本罪的保护对象,且相关荣誉和评定机构仅指“国家”一级。“情节严重”是区分本罪与一般民事侵权、行政违法行为的主要标准,实务中应当严格遵从“能民法者不行政,能行政者不刑事”的公权介入原则和宽严相济的刑事政策,妥善处理好民事、行政、刑事措施间的梯度关系和发动次序。Article 299-1 of the Criminal Law,the crime of infringing on the honour and reputation of heroes and martyrs,is a newly promulgated criminal law norm that specifically protects the interests of the personality of heroes and martyrs.The legal interest protected by this crime is the public interest,including the national spirit,public sentiment and core socialist values,etc.There is an"ipso facto"relationship between the"act"of infringing on heroic martyrs and the"result"of damaging the public interest.There is an"ex-officio"nature.China's definition of heroes and martyrs is not limited by nationality and is not necessary to obtain honorary titles with the words"hero"and"martyr"explicitly,however,living"heroes and exemplars"do not fall under the protection of this crime,and the relevant honors and evaluation agencies refer only to the"national"level.The"aggravating circumstances"is the main criterion for distinguishing this crime from general civil infringements and administrative violations,and the gradient between civil,administrative and criminal legal measures and the order of initiation should be properly handled.

关 键 词：侵害英雄烈士名誉、荣誉罪 人格利益 社会主义核心价值观 公众情感 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]