中国地震断裂带氢气观测研究现状  

STATUS OF RESEARCH AND OBSERVATION ON UNDERGROUND FLUID HYDROGEN IN SEISMIC FAULT ZONES IN CHINA

作　　者：蒋雨函 王子思 刘佳琪 梁卉[3] 周启超 高小其 JIANG Yu-han;WANG Zi-si;LIU Jia-qi;LIANG Hui;ZHOU Qi-chao;GAO Xiao-qi(Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics,National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of EmergencyManagement of China,Beijing 100085,China;Hangzhou Chaoju Technology Co.Ltd.,Hangzhou 310030,China;Earthquake Agency of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830011,China;School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,地壳动力学重点实验室,北京100085 [2]杭州超钜科技有限公司,杭州310030 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区地震局,乌鲁木齐830011 [4]中国科学院大学,应急管理科学与工程学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地震地质》2023年第3期622-637,共16页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1509203);应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院基本科研业务专项(ZDJ2021-11);中国地震局地质研究所国家野外科学观测研究站研究项目(NORSCBS21-02);河北红山野外站科研专项(DZ2021110800001)共同资助。

摘　　要：中国地震断裂带氢气观测的分析手段主要有气相色谱仪和数字化高精度测氢仪2种。文中基于这2种不同分析手段及大量震例,整理了地震断裂带氢气观测的研究进展。断裂带地壳逸出氢气的浓度在地震前几个月或几天内呈几倍、几十倍甚至百倍的异常升高,与地震有良好的对应关系,是重要的地震短临预报指标。文中总结了地壳逸出氢气形成的3种机理:地下应力改变导致地下裂隙连通使氢气逸出、岩石发生水岩反应生成氢气及温度梯度致使氢气逸出;进而对比分析了不同观测点氢气浓度的其他影响因素,对于不同的地质和气候条件,影响因素所起作用大小也不同。断裂带地壳中逸出氢气的地球化学特征是很好的地震短临预报参考指标。Large-scale observation network has been set up in China,including the observations of groundwater dynamics,geothermal water,and geochemical parameters,and long-term observation data has been obtained for underground fluids.Hydrogen observation is considered to be one of the methods that are most likely to make a breakthrough in the aspect of earthquake precursor monitoring and prediction,thus,plays an important role in earthquake monitoring and forecast in China.Many scholars have carried out research on the relationship about hydrogen and earthquake precursors,and proved that abnormal hydrogen concentrations are related to and have certain correlations earthquake activities.The main objects of hydrogen observation in China include the escaping gas from fault soil and the escaping gas from deep wells and hot springs near the fault.Different analytical methods are used for different types of hydrogen,and the main methods include gas chromatograph analysis and digital high-precision hydrogen analyzer analysis.Through years of observation practice,a large number of typical examples have been obtained in China.The relationship between the abnormal hydrogen concentration and the earthquake has a correspondence.The main manifestation is that the hydrogen concentration increases several times or even tens or hundreds of times in a few months or a few days before the earthquake.It is mainly divided into two cases:First,it rises rapidly to several times in a short time before the earthquake.The concentration reaches about hundreds of times the background value in more than ten to a few days immediately before the earthquake,and then the earthquake occurs.The concentration quickly declines and restores the background value after the earthquake.Second,the hydrogen concentration continues to increase in fluctuation,and decreases after reaching the maximum value,then,the earthquake occurs after recovery.This kind of anomaly is short in time,mostly,they are imminent or medium and short-term abnormalities.Therefore,the hydroge

关 键 词：热水泉 氢气 断层土壤气 气相色谱仪 痕量氢自动分析仪 

分 类 号：P315.724[天文地球—地震学]