玉豆轮作下黑土区轮耕模式对土壤坚实度及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of rotational tillage patterns on soil penetration resistance and corn yield in black soil area under corn/soybean rotation

作　　者：王英[1,2] 杨森 乔金友 刘自广[2] 何鑫淼 陈海涛 WANG Ying;YANG Sen;QIAO Jinyou;LIU Ziguang;HE Xinmiao;CHEN Haitao(School of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2023年第6期10-19,共10页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：十四五国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000405-2);农业农村部种养结合重点实验室开放课题。

摘　　要：土壤轮耕有利于改善土壤理化性质、提高土壤结构稳定性、促进增产增收。为探寻适宜东北黑土区玉豆轮作田长期生产轮耕模式,于黑龙江省哈尔滨市香坊区设置4种轮耕模式:翻耕/深松/翻耕(PSP)、旋耕/深松/旋耕(RSR)、免耕/深松/免耕(NSN)、免耕覆秸/深松/免耕覆秸(SSS)(均在秸秆全量还田条件下处理)。分析不同轮耕模式对土壤坚实度、玉米各时期长势及产量的影响。结果表明,①SSS轮耕模式可有效改善土壤结构,0~80 cm土层土壤坚实度低于其他处理13.4%~22.3%,且各土层之间变化较为平缓。②SSS轮耕处理下,玉米在中、后期生长最优,株高显著高于其他处理7.1%~11.3%,茎粗显著高于PSP、RSR处理10.3%、11.6%。③SSS轮耕处理显著提高作物产量,平均产量高达11033.45 kg·hm^(-2)。综上,从黑土资源长期保护角度考虑,SSS轮耕模式为适宜黑土区玉米/大豆轮作田最佳轮耕模式,可为东北黑土垄作区蓄水保墒耕作技术体系构建提供理论依据。Soil rotational tillage is conducive to improving the physical and chemical properties of soil,improving the stability of soil structure,and promoting production and income.In order to explore a long-term rotational tillage pattern suitable for the production of corn/soybean rotation in the northeast black soil region,this study set up long-term positioning experiment in Xiangfang District,Harbin City,Heilongjiang Province.Four rotational tillage patterns were set in the test:plow tillage/deep scarification/plow tillage(PSP),rotary tillage/deep scarification/rotary tillage(RSR),no tillage/deep scarification/no tillage(NSN),no-tillage and straw mulching precise/deep scarification/no-tillage and straw mulching precise(SSS)(all the treatments under the condition of straw returning to the field),to study the effects of different rotational tillage models on soil penetration resistance,growth and yield of corn in different periods.The results showed that,①SSS rotational tillage pattern could effectively improve soil structure.Soil penetration resistance of 0-80 cm soil layer was 13.4%-22.3%lower than that of other treatments on average,and the change between soil layers was relatively gentle.②In the SSS rotational tillage pattern,corn growth was optimal in the middle and late stages,the plant height was significantly higher than other treatments by 7.1%-11.3%,stem diameter was significantly higher than those of PSP and RSR treatments by 10.3%and 11.6%,respectively(P<0.05).③SSS rotational tillage treatment could significantly increase corn yield,with an average yield of 11033.45 kg·hm^(-2).In summary,from the perspective of long-term protection of black soil resources,SSS rotational tillage model was the best rotational tillage pattern suitable for corn/soybean rotation in black soil area.This research could provide theoretical basis for establishing the farming technology system of water storage and soil moisture conservation in the ridge planting area of Northeast China.

关 键 词：轮耕 黑土区 土壤坚实度 玉米产量 玉米/大豆轮作 

分 类 号：S343.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]