论遗嘱信托的效力  

On theValidity of Testamentary Trust

作　　者：崔鸿鸣 刘世瑜 Cui Hongming;Liu Shiyu

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,大连116026 [2]大连市甘井子区人民法院,大连116039

出　　处：《延边大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期99-106,143,144,共10页Journal of Yanbian University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(2020AFX017);国家社会科学基金重大专项项目(18VHJ003)。

摘　　要：我国现有立法未能明确遗嘱信托的效力,通过对遗嘱信托效力与有关遗产法律规范间关系的比较分析可以发现,遗嘱信托在遗嘱有效设立时生效,二者在效力形式要求上存在错位。遗嘱信托的物权变动存在两个阶段:第一个阶段中,委托人死亡时信托财产由委托人处转移至遗产继受人共同体;第二个阶段中,信托财产债务清算完成后,受托人取得信托财产须以承诺信托为前提,在满足法律关于财产转移要求时起发生财产权利变动的效果。共同受托人对信托财产的权利享有状态不属于共同共有,而是一种存在物上对人负担的类共同共有。侵害委托人债权人债权、必留份和胎儿应继份的遗嘱信托并非当然无效。The existing legislation in China fails to clarify the validity of testamentary trusts.Through a comparative analysis of the relationship between the validity of testamentary trusts and relevant inheritance legal norms,it can be found that testamentary trusts take effect when the testamentary is effectively established,and there is a dislocation between testamentary trust and testamentary in terms of the requirements for the form of validity.There are two stages in the validity of change of real right of testamentary trusts.Firstly,upon the death of the settler,the trust property is transferred from the settler to the communitiesof assignees of heritage.Secondly,after the liquidation of the trust property debt is completed,theacquisition of trust property must be based on a commitment to the trust,and the validity of change of real right occurs when the legal requirements for property transfer are met.The status of the rights of the co-trustees to the trust property does not belong to the joint ownership,and the status of the rights of the co-trustees belongs to the kindsofjoint ownership withan obligation in personam.The testamentary trust is not necessarily invalid which infringes on the creditor’s revocation right to the trustor,the necessary portion and the fetal succession portion.

关 键 词：物权变动效力 共同共有 债权人撤销权 必留份 胎儿应继份 

分 类 号：D922.282[政治法律—经济法学] D923.5[政治法律—法学]