谏诤与演说:轴心时代东西方政治说服模式的比较研究  

Admonition and Speech:A Comparative Study of Political Persuasion Models between East and West in Axial Ear

作　　者：潘祥辉 杜颖卉 PAN Xianghui;DU Yinghui(School of Journalism and Communication,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学新闻传播学院,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期60-72,共13页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“铸牢中华民族共同体意识的传播策略研究”(编号:22&ZD313)。

摘　　要：在人类文明的“轴心时代”,东西方学者普遍对政治说服非常重视,但由于历史文化传统的不同,东西方的政治说服模式在说服的对象、方式、空间场所及对口头和文字媒介的偏倚等方面存在着鲜明的差异。中国古代政治说服自先秦起就走向了一种以向上进谏为主要方向的“谏诤模式”。而在公元前5世纪末,随着雅典政治的变革,古希腊政治家开启了以面向和动员民众为基础的“演说模式”。先秦政治说服的谏诤模式是一种“下对上”“一对一”的人际传播模式,且偏倚文字表达;古希腊的演说模式则表现为一种相对平等和公开的、“一对多”的大众化传播模式,且偏倚口头传播。自轴心时代起,东西方的政治说服实践及说服理论就呈现出鲜明的差异,这不仅反映了东西方思维方式的不同,更呈现了两种不同的政治文化传统对说服传播的影响。直到近代,两种政治说服模式才发生了交汇和替换。轴心时代不同取向的政治说服传统对东西方的社会、历史及政治走向影响深远。In the“Axis era”of human civilization,Eastern and Western scholars generally attached great importance to political persuasion.However,due to the different historical and cultural traditions,there were distinct differences in the modes of political persuasion in the object,way,space and place of persuasion,as well as the bias of oral and written media.Since the Pre-Qin period,political persuasion in ancient China has developed a“admonitions model”,which mainly focused on giving advice to the upper level.At the end of the 5th century BC,with the political changes in Athens,the ancient Greek politicians started the“speech model”based on facing and mobilizing the people.The“admonitions model”of political persuasion in the Pre-Qin period was a“bottom-to-top”and“one-to-one”interpersonal communication mode,and it was biased towards written expression.The“speech model”in ancient Greece was a relatively equal and open,“one-to-many”mode of mass communication,and biased towards oral communication.Since the Axis era,the political persuasion practice and persuasion theory of the East and the West have shown distinct differences,which not only reflected the different thinking modes of the East and the West,but also showed the influence of two different political and cultural traditions on the communication of persuasion.It was not until modern times that the two models of political persuasion met and replaced.The different political persuasion traditions of the Axis era have a profound influence on the social,historical and political trends of the East and the West.

关 键 词：轴心时代 政治说服 传播考古 东西比较 

分 类 号：K225[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]