中国磷矿成矿系列、成矿规律与找矿方向  

Phosphate Ore Series,Metallogenic Regularity,and Prospecting Direction in China

作　　者：王莹 熊先孝[1] WANG Ying;XIONG Xian-xiao(General Institute of Chemical Engineering Geological Survey of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau,Beijing 100101;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中化地质矿山总局化工地质调查总院,北京100101 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地球学报》2023年第4期625-634,共10页Acta Geoscientica Sinica

基　　金：中国地质调查局“中国矿产地质志”项目(编号:DD20221695,DD20190379,DD20160346)资助。

摘　　要：中国是世界上磷矿资源生产和消费的大国,磷矿资源储量居世界第二位。中国磷矿资源的特点是分布不平衡,贫矿多、富矿少,难采选的多、易采选的少。2014年至今,中国地质调查局组织编写的“中国矿产地质志”,全面总结研究了中国磷矿的成矿系列及成矿规律。本文依托该项目,对中国磷矿床成矿系列进行了划分,从太古宙、元古宙、古生代、新生代4个阶段划分了11个成矿系列组,25个磷矿成矿系列。以磷矿区域成矿地质背景和成矿规律特点为依据,按照《中国成矿区带划分方案》,将中国磷矿划分了27个Ⅲ级成矿区带,4个成矿亚带。中国磷矿成矿时代广泛,从太古宙一直到新生代均有生成,但不同时代的磷矿各具明显特点。除少数内生成矿作用和风化次生成矿作用外,中国磷矿成矿作用几乎全部发生在前寒武纪和早寒武世,其中磷矿储量的80%又集中在前寒武纪海相沉积磷块岩中。晚震旦世陡山沱期和始寒武世梅树村期是中国两大成磷期。通过对区域内成矿作用的深入分析和全面归纳,将中国磷矿划分为华北成矿省,扬子成矿省,塔里木成矿省,阿尔泰、伊犁、吉黑、华南成矿省和秦岭—大别、阿尔金—祁连、喀喇昆仑—三江成矿省五大磷矿成矿谱系。未来中国磷矿的找矿方向建议集中在川西南、滇东北、贵州开阳、湖北神农架、河北承德、新疆库鲁克塔格等地区。As the country with the second-most abundant phosphate mineral resources,production and consumption of phosphate minerals in China is among the highest in the world.The characteristics of phosphate rock resources in China show an unbalanced distribution,with more lean ore and less rich ore,and more difficult ore and less easy ore.Since 2014,“the Annals of Geology of Mineral Resources of China”has been compiled by the China Geological Survey,which comprehensively summarized and studied the ore-forming series and ore-forming rules of phosphate ore in China.Accordingly,the ore-forming series of phosphate deposits in China were divided into 11 ore-forming series and 25 ore-forming series from Archean,Proterozoic,Paleozoic,and Cenozoic stages.Based on the regional metallogenic geological background and characteristics of metallogenic regularity,27 grade III metallogenic zones and 4 metallogenic sub-zones were divided based on phosphate deposits in China according to the Plan of China's Metallogenic Zone Division.Although the ore-forming times are extensive,the phosphate ore shows distinct characteristics at different times.Except for some endogenous mineralization and weathering secondary mineralization,almost all the phosphate ore mineralization in China occurred in the Precambrian and Early Cambrian,and 80%of the phosphate ore reserves were concentrated in the Precambrian marine sedimentary phosphorus blocks.The Doushantuo stage of Late Sinian and Meishucun stage of the Early Cambrian are two major phosphorus forming stages in China.Based on the in-depth analysis and comprehensive induction of regional mineralization,the phosphate deposits in China can be divided into five ore-forming strata:North China metallogenic province;Yangtze metallogenic province;Tarim metallogenic province;Altai,Yili,and Jihei metallogenic provinces;and South China,Qinling-Dabie,Aljin-Qilian,and Karakoram-Sanjiang metallogenic provinces.In the future,it is recommended that the prospecting direction of phosphate ore in China should focus

关 键 词：磷矿 成矿系列 成矿规律 找矿方向 地质调查 

分 类 号：P612.9[天文地球—矿床学]