河流地貌演化研究进展  

Research advances in river and geomorphology evolution

作　　者：巨大立 杨钊[1] 史小辉 段亮[1] 董云鹏[1] 尤嘉利 Ju Dali;Yang Zhao;Shi Xiaohui;Duan Liang;Dong Yunpeng;You Jiali(State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069)

机构地区：[1]大陆动力学国家重点实验室,西北大学地质学系,西安710069

出　　处：《地质科学》2023年第3期1063-1090,共28页Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:42172257)资助。

摘　　要：本文基于近年来全球河流地貌演化的研究实例及新进展,介绍了主要的研究载体与思路,讨论了河流地貌演化事件背后的地质、环境意义。沉积学、地貌学、物源分析、低温热年代学等是解决河流地貌演化问题的重要工具。沉积学记录着河流演化的一手资料,同时,沉积物定年技术的发展为揭示河流演化过程提供了高精度的时间约束。地貌指数研究是根据河流剖面形态与流域特征等揭示河流及区域地貌演化过程的研究手段,在恢复基岩隆升历史,定义地貌演化状态和判断分水岭迁移等方面具有优势。基于碎屑热年代学的物源分析方法结合沉积物沉积年代测定的研究思路则是利用了地表物质的“源-汇”过程变化,是揭示水系沟通演化历史的有效手段。当借助中-低温热年代学的多方法联合和单矿物的多重定年作为物源示踪剂时,可以有效提高分析精度,具有广阔的研究前景。另外,低温热年代学和宇宙核素10Be等对浅表过程十分敏感,记录了百万年-千年尺度的河流侵蚀作用,是示踪流域侵蚀方式空间变化和定量化揭示侵蚀过程的有力工具。河流的诞生与演化是地表过程的重大事件,记录了局部或区域的构造-气候背景,也是研究构造-气候-地貌耦合及互馈过程的重要纽带。特别是新生代晚期以来,地貌形成过程伴随着古人类的诞生与发展,而河流的演化则在古人类活动和迁徙中起到了重要的控制作用。因此,河流地貌演化的背景动力及环境意义体现了地球多圈层的相互作用与协同演化。Based on the case studies and new progresses of river evolution in recent years around the world,this paper introduces the main research carriers and ideas applied to the study of river evolution,and discusses the geological and environmental significance of river evolution events.Sedimentology,geomorphology,provenance analysis,low temperature thermochronology and cosmogenic nuclide 10Be are important and useful ways to reveal river evolution history.Sedimentology provides the primary data of river evolution,and the improvement of sediments chronology dating enhances the limitations of evolution timing.Geomorphological analysis,which has a rapid development in recent years,has notable advantages in revealing the uplift history,defining geomorphology evolution stages,and inferring the migration of watershed.Detrital thermochronology provenance studies combined with sedimentary age dating make use of the"source‑sink"process change of surface materials,which is an effective approach to revealing the river evolution history and has broad research prospects.The analysis accuracy can be further improved by using combination method and multiple dating of middle‑low temperature thermochronology as provenance indicators.In addition,low temperature thermochronology and cosmogenic nuclide 10Be methods are sensitive to landscape evolution and can be used to trace and quantify river incision.The birth and evolution of rivers is a significant event of the surface process,which records the local or regional tectonics‑climate background.Therefore,river is a vital link to studying the coupling and mutual feed process of tectonics‑climate‑geomorphology.It should be emphasized that the geomorphic process has been accompanied by the birth and development of hominins since the Late Cenozoic,and the evolution of rivers has played a vital role in controlling the activities and migration of hominins.In general,the background and environmental significance of the river and geomorphology evolution reflect the mechanism of earth�

关 键 词：河流演化 构造-气候过程 物源分析 “源-汇”系统 碎屑热年代学 

分 类 号：P931.1[天文地球—自然地理学]