中国机构养老的历史演进与当代启示  

The Historical Evolution and Contemporary Revelations of Institution for Senior Care in China

作　　者：穆光宗[1] 王玉坤[2] Mu Guangzong;Wang Yukun(Institute of Population Research,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Sociology and Law,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学人口研究所,北京100871 [2]山西师范大学社会学与法学学院,太原030031

出　　处：《晋阳学刊》2023年第4期34-41,共8页Academic Journal of Jinyang

摘　　要：在传统居家养老模式不断弱化的今天,促进机构养老模式的发展已成为新时期中国应对人口老龄化的必由之路。基于历史视角的考察,对古代机构养老的发展概况进行纵向梳理,结果发现:中国古代的机构养老产生于浓厚的扶老助老社会文化氛围之下,其本质上是一种托底性的社会保障事业,托底性、救济性和特惠性是它的基本属性,官府出资承办是它的主要运营模式。以史为鉴,当代中国机构养老模式的创新和拓展,可以考虑以公办民营为运行模式并建立运行标准,同时特惠、普惠并行,依据不同地区经济社会发展水平实现精准扩展,走出一条具有现代特色的机构养老道路。Today,with the continuous weakening of the traditional home-based pension model,promoting the development of the institutional pension model has become the only way for China to cope with the aging of the population in the new era,Based on the investigation of historical perspective,the article provides a longitudinal review of the development of the elderly in ancient institutions.It is found that,the institutional pension in ancient China,which originated in an age-friendly social atmosphere,was essentially a kind of social security undertaking of support.Its basic attributes are support,relief and preferential treatment,and its main operating model is government funding.Taking history as a mirror,the innovation and expansion of the institutional pension model in contemporary China can consider taking the government establishment and private management as the operating model and establishing operational standards.Meanwhile,focus on special and gengral benefits,according to the level of economic development in dfferent regions to achieve accurate expansion.In the end,we will embark on a path of institutional care with modern characteristics.

关 键 词：人口老龄化 机构养老 古代中国 特惠 普惠 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]