论老年人的宪法权利及其保障  

On the Constitutional Rights and Protection Mechanism of the Elderly People

作　　者：周刚志 Zhou Gangzhi

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学法学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2023年第3期47-58,共12页HUXIANG LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：我国宪法上的“老年人权利”,经历了从“劳动者权利”到“公民基本权利”的演变过程。依据现行《宪法》第44条、第45条与第49条,我国老年人享有“退休保障权”“物质帮助权”与“特别保护权”。老年人宪法权利保障主要依托“社会保险”“社会救助”与“社会福利”等三种机制,在实践中面临“人口老龄化”与“地方债危机”等严峻挑战。我国老年人宪法权利之保障,需平衡“社会权与自由权”“物质帮助权与营业自由权”“退休保障权与平等权”等,并在“劳动权与退休保障权”“财产权与物质帮助权”“健康权与物质帮助权”等权利竞合之中,寻求养老政策与立法抉择的最优方案。The constitutional rights of the elderly people in China have evolved from“workers’rights”to“fundamental rights of citizens”.According to Articles 44,45 and 49 of the Constitution,the elderly in China have the rights to retirement,material assistance and special protection.The constitutional rights of the elderly are mainly protected by three mechanisms,such as“social insurance”,“social assistance”and“social welfare”.In practice,they face serious challenges such as“population aging”and“local debt crisis”.Therefore,in order to protect the constitutional rights of the elderly,it is of great importance to balance the conflicts between“social rights and freedom rights”,“rights to material assistance and business rights”;in addition,China also needs to deal with the competition issues of“the rights to labor and the rights to retirement”,“property rights and rights to material assistance”,“health rights and rights to material assistance”so as to seek the optimal scheme of pension policy and legislative approach.

关 键 词：老年人 权利保障 退休保障权 物质帮助权 特别保护权 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]