土地次级用益物权否定论驳议  

Refutation of the Doctrine of Negation on the Sub-Usufructuary Right in Land

作　　者：吴俊廷 Wu Junting

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2023年第3期59-68,共10页HUXIANG LAW REVIEW

基　　金：湖南省自然资源厅重大科研项目:湖南省全民所有自然资源资产产权体系实现机制创新研究(ZFCG2022068004)。

摘　　要：围绕土地经营权性质的解释,引发了关于土地次级用益物权科学性的论争。次级用益物权否定说存在明显的纰漏,断言其违反“一物一权”原则存在“前理解”的偏误,而推论其违背特定意义上之“役权”基本规则也存在权利客体的错判。所谓实践中会引发“权利堆叠”或“权利架空”,前者完全悖于立法的物权供需实践,后者则忽略了交易对价已标志着权利的实现。学理上,次级用益物权生成是权能分离并独立的过程,但分离的前提是“母权利”应有权利流转之权能。立法上,实在法并未限定派生用益物权的“母权利”范围,这种广义的用益物权定义范式,构造了次级用益物权存在的体系空间。规范构造时应注意,次级用益物权的流转权能配置应视市场成熟度而定,兼顾市场风险;登记规则设计应注重体系的协调性,确保物上权利的“表里合一”。The interpretation of the nature of the land operating rights has led to a debate on the scientific nature of the sub-usufructuary right in land.The doctrine of denial has obvious flaws,asserting that the violation of“one property,one right”principle is a misunderstanding of the principle,while the inference of the disobedience of the servitude rules is a misjudgement of the object of the right.The doctrine of denial also argued that the sub-usufructuary right can lead in practice to“rights stacking”or“upper rights hanging”.The former is completely contrary to the legislative practice of supply and demand for property rights,while the latter ignores the fact that the consideration for the transaction already marks the realisation of the right.In terms of theory,the creation of the sub-usufructuary right is a process of separation and independence of rights,but the prerequisite is that the upper rights have the right to transfer rights;in terms of legislation,the broad definition paradigm of the usufructuary right,which does not restrict the upper rights to ownership only,has constructed the systemic space of the sub-usufructuary right.It is important to note that the allocation of the right to transfer the sub-usufructuary right should depend on the maturity of the market and take into account the market risks,and the design of the registration rules should focus on systemic coherence and ensure the“sameness of surface and interior”of rights in rem.

关 键 词：土地次级用益物权 权利客体 立法实践 权能分离 登记规则 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]